Development and normal physiology of the nervous system require proliferation and differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in a strictly controlled manner. The number of cells generated depends on the type of cell division, the cell cycle length, and the fraction of cells that exit the cell cycle to become quiescent or differentiate. The underlying processes are tightly controlled and modulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) and their interactions with cyclins and Cdk inhibitors (CKIs). Studies performed in the nervous system with mouse models lacking individual Cdks, cyclins, and CKIs, or combinations thereof, have shown that many of these molecules control proliferation rates in a cell-type specific and time-dependent manner. In this review, we will provide an update on the in vivo studies on cyclins, Cdks, and CKIs in neuronal and glial tissue. The goal is to highlight their impact on proliferation processes during the development of the peripheral and central nervous system, including and comparing normal and pathological conditions in the adult.

神经系统的发育和正常生理需要严格控制干细胞和祖细胞的增殖和分化。产生的细胞数量取决于细胞分裂的类型，细胞周期长度以及退出细胞周期而变得静止或分化的细胞比例。潜在的过程受到细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（Cdks）及其与细胞周期蛋白和Cdk抑制剂（CKIs）相互作用的严格控制和调节。在神经系统中缺乏小鼠Cdks，细胞周期蛋白和CKI或其组合的小鼠模型进行的研究表明，这些分子中有许多以细胞类型特异性和时间依赖性的方式控制增殖速率。在这篇评论中，我们将提供有关细胞周期蛋白，Cdks，和神经元和神经胶质组织中的CKI。目的是强调它们对周围和中枢神经系统发育过程中增殖过程的影响，包括并比较成年人的正常和病理状况。