The complex three-dimensional flow that develops around an inclined flat solar panel near the ground is investigated using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The early stage evolution of the flow and the interaction of the shear layers emanating from the sides of the panel, the large separation region behind the panel and the boundary layers on the panel and ground are captured using Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation to model the turbulence. The mean analysis shows that a small clearance produces a wall-jet like flow in the gap region between the panel and the ground, which tends to elongate the wake region in the downstream direction. On the other hand, a strong upwash is observed for a larger gap, reducing the length of the wake. Transient three-dimensional flow structures are captured using vorticity contours and the λ₂-criterion. The early stage development of flow around the panel shows inverted hairpin-like vortices that are shed from the leading edge, touch down on the ground, generate a counter-rotating sheared vortex and a pair of vertical vortex tubes that extend from the ground and curl up into the wake. This pair of vortex tubes appears to be the source of the meandering structures reported in the literature. When the flow reaches a quasi-steady state, there is an asymmetric distorted flow for the smaller gap, whereas there is a nearly symmetric wake pattern for the larger gap.

使用计算流体动力学研究了在靠近地面的倾斜平板太阳能电池板上产生的复杂三维流动。使用延迟分离涡流模拟来模拟湍流的早期演变以及从板块侧面，板块后面的大分离区域以及板块和地面上的边界层散发的剪切层之间的相互作用。均值分析显示，较小的间隙会在面板和地面之间的间隙区域中产生类似壁喷的流动，这会在下游方向上延长尾流区域。另一方面，对于较大的间隙观察到强烈的上冲，从而减小了尾流的长度。瞬时三维流结构使用涡轮廓和λ捕获₂-标准。面板周围气流的早期发展显示出从前缘掉落的发夹状涡流，降落在地面上，产生反向旋转的剪切涡流，以及从地面延伸并卷曲的一对垂直涡流管醒来。这对涡流管似乎是文献中报道的曲折结构的来源。当流量达到准稳态时，对于较小的间隙存在不对称的扭曲流动，而对于较大的间隙存在近乎对称的尾流模式。