The massive upsurge in production and demand of crowdsourced live streaming necessitates feasible and cost effective solutions in future cellular networks. Video multicast is one of the viable options to deliver live video using standardized multicast technologies, such as evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) architecture. However, eMBMS being a service-oriented architecture, it does not support crowdsourced live video streaming from popular providers like Twitch, YouTube Live, and Facebook Live, where millions of viewers watch live streams. This article explores the possibilities for the crowdsourced service-less video multicast in fifth generation (5G) Radio Access Network (RAN). We highlight major limitations in the standard eMBMS architecture and propose a viable solution using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). The main challenges related to the initiation of an eMBMS service are presented, followed by our proposed network architecture, which augments the eMBMS architecture to initiate a service-less multicast video delivery for crowdsourced live videos. We evaluate and validate the proposed architecture using a real-world live video dataset. Our results depict the feasibility of the proposed architecture to multicast crowdsourced live streams and significant savings in cost and network consumption.

中文翻译：

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5G中的无服务视频多播：促成因素和挑战

众包实时流的生产和需求的大幅度增长使得在未来的蜂窝网络中需要可行且具有成本效益的解决方案。视频多播是使用标准化多播技术（例如，演进的多媒体广播多播服务（eMBMS）体系结构）交付实时视频的可行选择之一。但是，eMBMS是一种面向服务的体系结构，它不支持来自流行提供商（如Twitch，YouTube Live和Facebook Live）的众包实时视频流，那里有数百万观众在观看直播。本文探讨了第五代（5G）无线电接入网络（RAN）中众包的无服务视频多播的可能性。我们重点介绍了标准eMBMS体系结构中的主要局限性，并提出了使用网络功能虚拟化（NFV）和移动边缘计算（MEC）的可行解决方案。提出了与启动eMBMS服务相关的主要挑战，然后提出了我们提出的网络体系结构，该网络体系结构增强了eMBMS体系结构，可以为众包实况视频启动无服务组播视频交付。我们使用现实世界的实时视频数据集评估和验证提出的体系结构。我们的结果说明了所提出的体系结构组播多播直播流的可行性，并在成本和网络消耗方面节省了很多。增强了eMBMS架构，可为众包直播视频启动无服务的多播视频交付。我们使用现实世界的实时视频数据集评估和验证所提议的体系结构。我们的结果描述了所提议的体系结构用于多播众包直播流的可行性，并显着节省了成本和网络消耗。从而增强了eMBMS架构，从而为众包实况视频启动了无服务的多播视频交付。我们使用现实世界的实时视频数据集评估和验证所提议的体系结构。我们的结果说明了所提出的体系结构组播多播直播流的可行性，并在成本和网络消耗方面节省了很多。