Living systems at the molecular scale are composed of many constituents with strong and heterogeneous interactions, operating far from equilibrium, and subject to strong fluctuations. These conditions pose significant challenges to efficient, precise, and rapid free energy transduction, yet nature has evolved numerous molecular machines that do just this. Using a simple model of the ingenious rotary machine F_oF₁-ATP synthase, we investigate the interplay between nonequilibrium driving forces, thermal fluctuations, and interactions between strongly coupled subsystems. This model reveals design principles for effective free energy transduction. Most notably, while tight coupling is intuitively appealing, we find that output power is maximized at intermediate-strength coupling, which permits lubrication by stochastic fluctuations with only minimal slippage.

中文翻译：

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随机强耦合旋转电动机中的非平衡能量转换。

分子规模的生命系统由许多具有强而异质相互作用的成分组成，它们的工作远非平衡状态，并且波动很大。这些条件给有效，精确和快速的自由能转导带来了严峻的挑战，然而自然界已经进化出许多可以做到这一点的分子机器。使用巧妙的旋转机F _o F ₁的简单模型-ATP合酶，我们研究了非平衡驱动力，热波动和强耦合子系统之间的相互作用之间的相互作用。该模型揭示了有效自由能传递的设计原理。最值得注意的是，虽然紧密联接在直觉上很吸引人，但我们发现在中等强度联接时输出功率已最大化，这允许通过随机波动进行润滑，而滑移最小。