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New empirical constraints on the cosmological evolution of gas and stars in galaxies
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa1565
Hamsa Padmanabhan 1 , Abraham Loeb 2
Affiliation  

We combine the latest observationally motivated constraints on stellar properties in dark matter haloes, along with data-driven predictions for the atomic (HI) and molecular (H$_2$) gas evolution in galaxies, to derive empirical relationships between the build-up of galactic components and their evolution over cosmic time. At high redshift ($z \gtrsim 4$), the frameworks imply that galaxies acquire their cold gas (both atomic and molecular) mostly by accretion, with the fraction of cold gas reaching about 20% of the cosmic baryon fraction. We infer a strong dependence of the star formation rate on the H$_2$ mass, suggesting a near-universal depletion timescale of 0.1-1 Gyr in Milky Way sized haloes (of masses $10^{12} \ M_{\odot}$ at $z = 0$). There is also evidence for a near-universality of the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation across redshifts, with very little dependence on stellar mass, if a constant conversion factor ($\alpha_{\rm CO}$) of CO luminosity to molecular gas mass is assumed. Combining the atomic and molecular gas observations with the stellar build-up illustrates that galactic mass assembly in Milky-Way sized haloes proceeds from smooth accretion at high redshifts, towards becoming merger-dominated at late times ($z \lesssim 0.6$). Our results can be used to constrain numerical simulations of the dominant growth and accretion processes of galaxies over cosmic history.

中文翻译:

星系中气体和恒星宇宙演化的新经验约束

我们结合了对暗物质晕中恒星性质的最新观测限制,以及对星系中原子 (HI) 和分子 (H$_2$) 气体演化的数据驱动预测,推导出星系成分及其在宇宙时间内的演化。在高红移处($z \gtrsim 4$),这些框架意味着星系主要通过吸积获得它们的冷气体(原子和分子),冷气体的比例达到宇宙重子比例的 20% 左右。我们推断恒星形成率对 H$_2$ 质量有很强的依赖性,这表明在银河系大小的晕(质量 $10^{12}\M_{\odot}$在 $z = 0$)。也有证据表明肯尼卡特-施密特关系在红移中几乎具有普遍性,如果假设 CO 光度到分子气体质量的转换因子 ($\alpha_{\rm CO}$) 是常数,则对恒星质量的依赖性很小。将原子和分子气体观测与恒星形成相结合表明,银河系大小的晕中的星系质量组装从高红移的平滑吸积开始,在后期变得以合并为主($z \lesssim 0.6$)。我们的结果可用于约束宇宙历史上星系的主要生长和吸积过程的数值模拟。将原子和分子气体观测与恒星形成相结合表明,银河系大小的晕中的星系质量组装从高红移的平滑吸积开始,在后期变得以合并为主($z \lesssim 0.6$)。我们的结果可用于约束宇宙历史上星系的主要生长和吸积过程的数值模拟。将原子和分子气体观测与恒星形成相结合表明,银河系大小的晕中的星系质量组装从高红移的平滑吸积开始,在后期变得以合并为主($z \lesssim 0.6$)。我们的结果可用于约束宇宙历史上星系的主要生长和吸积过程的数值模拟。
更新日期:2020-06-05
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