ABSTRACT Following a late fall wildfire in 2016 in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, pyrophilous fungi in burn zones were documented over a 2-y period with respect to burn severity and phenology. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) barcodes were obtained to confirm morphological evaluations. Forty-one taxa of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were identified from burn sites and categorized as fruiting only in response to fire or fruiting enhanced by fire. Twenty-two species of Pezizales (Ascomycota) were among the earliest to form ascomata in severe burn zones, only one of which had previously been documented in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Nineteen species of Basidiomycota, primarily Agaricales, were also documented. Among these, only five species (Coprinellus angulatus, Gymnopilus decipiens, Lyophyllum anthracophilum, Pholiota carbonicola, and Psathyrella pennata) were considered to be obligate pyrophilous taxa, but fruiting of two additional taxa (Hygrocybe conica and Mycena galericulata) was clearly enhanced by fire. Laccaria trichodermophora was an early colonizer of severe burn sites and persisted through the winter of 2017 and into spring and summer of 2018, often appearing in close association with Pinus pungens seedlings. Fruiting of pyrophilous fungi peaked 4–6 mo post fire then diminished, but some continued to fruit up to 2.5 y after the fire. In all, a total of 27 previously unrecorded taxa were added to the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) database (~0.9%). Most pyrophilous fungi identified in this study are either cosmopolitan or have a Northern Hemisphere distribution, but cryptic endemic lineages were detected in Anthracobia and Sphaerosporella. One new combination, Hygrocybe spadicea var. spadicea f. odora, is proposed.

中文翻译：

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大烟山国家公园野火后检测到的嗜热真菌扩大了已知物种范围和生物多样性估计

摘要 2016 年大雾山国家公园发生晚秋野火后，在 2 年的时间里记录了烧伤区的高温真菌的烧伤严重程度和物候。获得 Nuc rDNA 内部转录间隔区 (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) 条形码以确认形态评估。从燃烧部位鉴定了子囊菌门和担子菌门的 41 个分类群，并归类为仅在响应火时结果或通过火增强结果。22 种 Pezizales (Ascomycota) 是最早在严重烧伤区形成子囊的物种之一，其中只有一种曾在大雾山国家公园被记录过。还记录了 19 种担子菌，主要是伞菌目。其中，只有 5 种（Coprinellus angulatus、Gymnopilus decipiens、Lyophyllum anthracophilum、Pholiota carbonicola 和 Psathyrella pennata）被认为是专性嗜热类群，但火明显增强了另外两个类群（Hygrocybe conica 和 Mycena galericulata）的结果。Laccaria trichodermophora 是严重烧伤部位的早期定植者，并持续到 2017 年冬季和 2018 年春季和夏季，通常与红松幼苗密切相关。火灾后 4-6 个月，嗜火真菌的结果达到顶峰，然后减少，但有些在火灾后继续结果长达 2.5 年。总共有 27 个以前未记录的分类群被添加到所有分类群生物多样性清单 (ATBI) 数据库中 (~0.9%)。本研究中鉴定的大多数嗜火真菌要么是世界性的，要么分布于北半球，但在炭疽菌和球孢子菌中发现了隐秘的地方性谱系。一种新组合，Hygrocybe spadicea var。稻草 f. 奥多拉，被提议。