Abstract

Steviol glycosides (SGs), as natural sweeteners from Stevia rebaudiana, are currently employed for replacing sugar and its derivatives in several food products and formulations. Such compounds play an essential role in human health. Their usage provides a positive effect on preventing diseases related to sugar consumption, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and lipid metabolism disorders. The traditional extraction of SGs is performed by means of solvent extraction, which limits their application since the removal of residual solvents is a challenging task requiring further downstream purification steps. In addition, the presence of residual solvents negatively affects the quality of such compounds. Today, food technicians are looking for innovative and improved techniques for the extraction, recovery and purification of SGs. Membrane-based technologies, including microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration, have long been proven to be a valid alternative for efficient extraction and purification of several high added-value molecules from natural sources. Such processes and their possible coupling in integrated membrane systems have been successfully involved in recovery protocols of several compounds, such as metabolites, polyphenols, anthocyanins, natural pigments, proteins, from different sources (e.g., agro-food wastes, plant extracts, fruits, fermentation broths, among others). Herein, we aim to review the current progresses and developments about the extraction of SGs with membrane operations. Our attention has been paid to the latest insights in the field. Furthermore, key process parameters influencing the extraction and purification of SGs are also discussed in detail.

摘要

甜菊糖苷 (SGs)，作为甜叶菊的天然甜味剂，目前用于替代几种食品和配方中的糖及其衍生物。这些化合物在人类健康中起着至关重要的作用。它们的使用对预防与糖消耗有关的疾病有积极作用，包括糖尿病、癌症和脂质代谢紊乱。SGs 的传统萃取是通过溶剂萃取进行的，这限制了它们的应用，因为去除残留溶剂是一项具有挑战性的任务，需要进一步的下游纯化步骤。此外，残留溶剂的存在会对此类化合物的质量产生负面影响。今天，食品技术人员正在寻找创新和改进的技术来提取、回收和纯化 SG。基于膜的技术，包括微滤、超滤、和纳滤，长期以来被证明是从自然资源中有效提取和纯化几种高附加值分子的有效替代方法。此类过程及其在集成膜系统中可能的耦合已成功参与多种化合物的回收方案，例如代谢物、多酚、花青素、天然色素、蛋白质，来自不同来源（例如，农业食品废弃物、植物提取物、水果、发酵液等）。在此，我们旨在回顾有关通过膜操作提取 SGs 的当前进展和发展。我们一直关注该领域的最新见解。此外，还详细讨论了影响 SG 提取和纯化的关键工艺参数。长期以来，它已被证明是从天然来源中高效提取和纯化几种高附加值分子的有效替代方法。此类过程及其在集成膜系统中可能的耦合已成功参与多种化合物的回收方案，例如代谢物、多酚、花青素、天然色素、蛋白质，来自不同来源（例如，农业食品废弃物、植物提取物、水果、发酵液等）。在此，我们旨在回顾有关通过膜操作提取 SGs 的当前进展和发展。我们一直关注该领域的最新见解。此外，还详细讨论了影响 SG 提取和纯化的关键工艺参数。长期以来，它已被证明是从天然来源中高效提取和纯化几种高附加值分子的有效替代方法。此类过程及其在集成膜系统中可能的耦合已成功参与多种化合物的回收方案，例如代谢物、多酚、花青素、天然色素、蛋白质，来自不同来源（例如，农业食品废弃物、植物提取物、水果、发酵液等）。在此，我们旨在回顾有关通过膜操作提取 SGs 的当前进展和发展。我们一直关注该领域的最新见解。此外，还详细讨论了影响 SG 提取和纯化的关键工艺参数。