Lemon essential oil (LEO) is known for having excellent antioxidant properties with applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic sectors. However, its deficient stability to light and temperature compromise this activity. In this study, waxy emulsifiers, such as beewax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, and ozokerite wax, were employed in order to create lipidic matrixes with LEO as a continuous phase by heating to 80 °C under homogenization, followed by rapid cooling to 25 °C. The thermal, microstructural, rheological, and antioxidant tests were then conducted on such matrixes. The difference in melting, crystallization, and gelling temperatures was explained by the diverse chemical composition (long-chain wax esters in carnauba wax having a high melting point, and short-chain fatty acids and hydrocarbons in beewax and ozokerite wax, respectively). Crystal habits of these matrix systems varied from grainy, oval, to fiber-like shape, whereas there was a prevalent orthorhombic allomorph. The alignment and reorganization of carnauba and candelilla wax crystals led to an increase in the matrix strength as compared to those of beeswax and ozokerite matrixes, which showed a weak texture and poor crystallization behavior. The last two matrix systems showed the best flow and extensibility. These lipidic matrixes showed potential use for topical applications having good oil retention capacity and better antioxidant properties as compared to the raw essential oil.

中文翻译：

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包含柠檬精油的脂质基质可提高储存稳定性：流变，热和微观结构研究

柠檬精油（LEO）以其出色的抗氧化性能而著称，可用于制药，食品和化妆品领域。然而，其对光和温度的不足稳定性损害了该活性。在这项研究中，使用蜡质乳化剂，如蜂蜡，小烛树蜡，巴西棕榈蜡和地蜡，以通过在均质化条件下加热至80°C，然后快速冷却至25来创建LEO为连续相的脂质基质。 ℃。然后在此类基质上进行了热，微结构，流变和抗氧化剂测试。熔化，结晶和胶凝温度的差异是由不同的化学组成所解释的（巴西棕榈蜡中的长链蜡酯具有高熔点，而蜂蜡和地蜡中的短链脂肪酸和碳氢化合物，分别）。这些基质系统的晶体习性从粒状，椭圆形到纤维状形状不等，而普遍存在斜方同素异形体。与蜂蜡和ozokerite基质相比，巴西棕榈蜡和candelilla蜡晶体的排列和重组导致基质强度增加，后者显示出较弱的质地和较差的结晶行为。最后两个矩阵系统显示出最佳的流动性和可扩展性。与原始的精油相比，这些脂质基质显示出潜在的用途，具有良好的保油能力和更好的抗氧化性能。与蜂蜡和ozokerite基质相比，巴西棕榈蜡和Candelilla蜡晶体的排列和重组导致基质强度增加，后者质地较弱且结晶行为较差。最后两个矩阵系统显示出最佳的流动性和可扩展性。与原始的精油相比，这些脂质基质显示出潜在的用途，具有良好的保油能力和更好的抗氧化性能。与蜂蜡和ozokerite基质相比，巴西棕榈蜡和candelilla蜡晶体的排列和重组导致基质强度增加，后者显示出较弱的质地和较差的结晶行为。最后两个矩阵系统显示出最佳的流动性和可扩展性。与原始的精油相比，这些脂质基质显示出潜在的用途，具有良好的保油能力和更好的抗氧化性能。