The review article investigated failure, design issues, repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) silos, primarily in agricultural set-ups. The durability of RC structures was influenced by the nature of the bulk solids, materials used in the reinforcement of the structures. Traditionally, high-grade steel has been used in silo wall reinforcement because it is affordable and readily available. However, it is susceptible to corrosion. In contrast, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have better mechanical properties (tensile strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio) and are not corroded. Additionally, there are limited scalable and facile methods for commercial production. The low ductility elevates the risk of brittle fracture in external pre-stressing concrete repair/strengthening. Beyond the material factors, the existing silo design codes such as BS EN 1991-4:2006, Australian Standard AS 3774-1996, and American Society of Agricultural Engineers ANSI/ASAE EP433 DEC1988 (R2011), and American Concrete Institute ACI 313-97 are limited by simplified characterization of loading/unloading scenarios and exclusion of specific hopper geometries and configurations. The funnel and mass flow scenarios and accumulation of bulk materials contribute to silo failure. In brief, the present repair/strengthening strategies (external pre-stressing, insertion/removal of inserts, shear columns, and FRPs alternatives to steel) do not adequately address the diverse variables that elevate the risk of material failure.

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混凝土筒仓：故障，设计问题和维修/加强方法

该评论文章主要在农业设施中研究了钢筋混凝土筒仓的故障，设计问题，维修和加固。RC结构的耐久性受散装固体（用于增强结构的材料）的性质影响。传统上，高等级钢已用于筒仓壁加固，因为它价格合理且易于获得。但是，它容易腐蚀。相反，纤维增强聚合物（FRP）具有更好的机械性能（抗张强度，弹性模量和泊松比），并且不会被腐蚀。另外，用于商业生产的可扩展且简便的方法有限。低延展性增加了外部预应力混凝土修复/加固中脆性断裂的风险。除了物质因素，现有筒仓设计规范（例如BS EN 1991-4：2006，澳大利亚标准AS 3774-1996和美国农业工程师学会ANSI / ASAE EP433 DEC1988（R2011）和美国混凝土协会ACI 313-97）受到简化特征的限制装卸方案以及排除特定料斗的几何形状和配置。漏斗和质量流场景以及散装物料的堆积会导致筒仓故障。简而言之，目前的维修/加强策略（外部预应力，插入/插入的插入件，剪切柱和FRP替代钢）不能充分解决提高材料失效风险的各种变量。美国混凝土协会（ACI 313-97）和美国混凝土协会（ACI 313-97）受限于简化的装卸方案特征描述，并排除了特定的料斗几何形状和配置。漏斗和质量流场景以及散装物料的堆积会导致筒仓故障。简而言之，目前的维修/加强策略（外部预应力，插入/插入的插入件，剪切柱和FRP替代钢）不能充分解决提高材料失效风险的各种变量。美国混凝土协会（ACI 313-97）和美国混凝土协会（ACI 313-97）受装卸场景简化特征的限制，并且排除了特定的料斗几何形状和配置。漏斗和质量流场景以及散装物料的堆积会导致筒仓故障。简而言之，目前的维修/加强策略（外部预应力，插入/插入的插入件，剪切柱和FRP替代钢）不能充分解决提高材料失效风险的各种变量。