In the recent two decades, graphene-based materials have achieved great successes in catalytic processes towards sustainable production of chemicals, fuels and protection of the environment. In graphene, the carbon atoms are packed into a well-defined sp²-hybridized honeycomb lattice, and can be further constructed into other dimensional allotropes such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, and aerogels. Graphene-based materials possess appealing optical, thermal, and electronic properties, and the graphitic structure is resistant to extreme conditions. Therefore, the green nature and robust framework make the graphene-based materials highly favourable for chemical reactions. More importantly, the open structure of graphene affords a platform to host a diversity of functional groups, dopants, and structural defects, which have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in catalytic processes. In this perspective, we introduced the potential active sites of graphene in green catalysis and showcased the marriage of metal-free carbon materials in chemical synthesis, catalytic oxidation, and environmental remediation. Future research directions are also highlighted in mechanistic investigation and applications of graphene-based materials in other promising catalytic systems.

中文翻译：

---

石墨烯基材料驱动的可持续催化过程

在最近的二十年中，基于石墨烯的材料在催化过程中取得了巨大的成功，从而实现了化学品，燃料和环境的可持续生产。在石墨烯中，碳原子堆积在定义明确的sp ^2中-杂交蜂窝状晶格，并且可以进一步构建为其他尺寸的同素异形体，例如富勒烯，碳纳米管和气凝胶。石墨烯基材料具有引人注目的光学，热和电子特性，并且石墨结构可抵抗极端条件。因此，绿色的性质和坚固的框架使石墨烯基材料非常适合化学反应。更重要的是，石墨烯的开放结构提供了一个平台，可容纳多种官能团，掺杂剂和结构缺陷，这些已被证明在催化过程中起着至关重要的作用。从这个角度出发，我们介绍了石墨烯在绿色催化中的潜在活性位点，并展示了无金属碳材料在化学合成，催化氧化，和环境修复。在石墨烯基材料的机械研究和在其他有前途的催化系统中的应用中，也突出了未来的研究方向。