Hurricanes cause landscape-scale disturbances that affect biogeochemical cycling and water quality in coastal ecosystems. During Hurricane Irma’s passage through northern Florida, water movements driven by wind velocities up to 105 km h⁻¹ caused a salinity peak in an estuary/blackwater river complex. Water quality was monitored across the 15 km site to detect the magnitude and duration of disturbance. Saline water intruded 15 km inland into a freshwater portion of the river that peaked at a salinity of 2 psu. Due to the volume of precipitation from the hurricane, significant runoff of freshwater and dissolved organic matter (DOM) caused a decrease in salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), and Chlorophyll-a concentrations while increasing turbidity and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM). The disturbance caused rapid changes observed by in-situ water quality monitors over a 3-week period, but some effects persisted for longer periods as shown by 3-month weekly water sampling. This disturbance caused shifts in DOM loading, altered salinity dynamics, and reshaped landscapes due to wind and wave surge both in upland marsh and downstream estuary. Hurricane disturbance temporarily and abruptly alters the aquatic continuum, and observations of system response can help us understand the mechanisms associated with ecosystem resilience and recovery.

中文翻译：

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飓风干扰对黑水河入海口水生连续体水质的影响

飓风会造成景观尺度的干扰，从而影响沿海生态系统的生物地球化学循环和水质。在艾尔玛飓风穿越佛罗里达北部时，风速高达105 km h ^-1的水运动在河口/黑水河综合体中造成了盐度峰值。监测了15公里站点的水质，以检测扰动的程度和持续时间。咸水侵入内陆15公里，进入河流的淡水部分，盐度达到2 psu。由于飓风带来的降水量很大，淡水和溶解有机物（DOM）的大量流失导致盐度，溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a的降低。浓度，同时增加浊度和荧光溶解的有机物（fDOM）。扰动导致原位水质监测仪在3周的时间内观察到快速变化，但某些影响持续了较长的时间，如每周3个月的每周水采样所示。这种干扰导致DOM负载发生变化，盐度动态变化以及山地沼泽和下游河口的风浪波动引起的景观重塑。飓风扰动暂时或突然改变了水生连续体，对系统响应的观察可以帮助我们了解与生态系统复原力和恢复相关的机制。