Sports research has been focused on the assessment of basic needs satisfaction, considering its absence as a representation of needs frustration. However, recent findings have suggested needs satisfaction and frustration as asymmetrical factors leading to differentiated outcomes. An accurate measurement of needs poses itself as a crucial aspect, facilitating coaches’ understanding of athlete’s motivational processes. This study aimed to examine the psychometric proprieties of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS) in a sample of Portuguese athletes. A multigroup analysis was conducted of gender, sport type, age, and years of sports practice. Additionally, needs satisfaction and needs frustration were tested as predictors of behavioral regulations examining the nomological validity of the BPNSFS. Data from 594 Portuguese athletes (38.6% female; M_age = 15.21; SD = 0.97) that represent two different sports (football and swimming) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling procedures were followed to test the factor structure and nomological validity of the scale, respectively. Analyses indicated that the six-factor model provided an adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.947, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.936, Standardized Root Mean Square = 0.039, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.048 (CI 90% = 0.043, 0.054)). Moreover, the multigroup analysis suggested invariance in the observed structure across groups. In addition, findings indicated a strong prediction between needs satisfaction and autonomous forms of motivation, whereas needs frustration predicted significantly controlled forms of motivation. The sport-adapted BPNSFS in a sample of Portuguese athletes seemed to be an adequate measure for the assessment of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. Our findings suggested that this scale may be worth testing in future research in the sport context.

中文翻译：

---

了解年轻运动员的需求满意度和挫败感：因素结构和不变性分析。

体育研究一直集中在基本需求满意度的评估上，考虑到它的缺失代表需求挫败感。但是，最近的发现表明，需要满足感和挫败感是导致不同结果的不对称因素。准确衡量需求本身就是至关重要的方面，有助于教练理解运动员的激励过程。这项研究旨在研究葡萄牙运动员样本中基本心理需求满意度和挫败感量表（BPNSFS）的心理计量学特性。对性别，运动类型，年龄和从事体育活动的年龄进行了多组分析。另外，需求满意度和需求挫折作为行为规则的预测指标进行了测试，以检查BPNSFS的法理有效性。_年龄= 15.21; 标清 = 0.97）代表两种不同的运动（足球和游泳）进行了分析。遵循验证性因子分析和结构方程建模程序，分别测试量表的因子结构和法学有效性。分析表明，六因素模型提供了足够的拟合度（比较拟合度指数= 0.947，塔克-刘易斯指数= 0.936，标准化均方根= 0.039，均方根近似误差= 0.048（CI 90％= 0.043，0.054） ）。此外，多组分析表明各组之间观察结构的不变性。此外，研究结果表明，需求满足和自主动机之间有很强的预测关系，而需求挫败则表明动机得到显着控制。葡萄牙运动员样本中适应运动的BPNSFS似乎是评估基本心理需求满意度和沮丧感的适当方法。我们的研究结果表明，这种规模可能值得在体育背景下的未来研究中进行测试。