Abstract Montane biomes are niche environments high in biodiversity with a variety of habitats. Often isolated, these non-continuous remnant ecosystems inhabit narrow ecological zones putting them under threat from changing climatic conditions and anthropogenic pressure. Twelve sediment cores were retrieved from a peat bog in Tatra National Park, Slovakia, and correlated to each other by wiggle-matching geochemical signals derived from micro-XRF scanning, to make a reconstruction of past conditions. A fossil beetle (Coleoptera) record, covering the last 1000 years at 50- to 100-year resolution, gives a new insight into changing flora and fauna in this region. Our findings reveal a diverse beetle community with varied ecological groups inhabiting a range of forest, meadow and synanthropic habitats. Changes in the beetle community were related to changes in the landscape, driven by anthropogenic activities. The first clear evidence for human activity in the area occurs c. 1250 CE and coincides with the arrival of beetle species living on the dung of domesticated animals (e.g. Aphodius spp.). From 1500 CE, human (re)settlement, and activities such as pasturing and charcoal burning, appear to have had a pronounced effect on the beetle community. Local beetle diversity declined steadily towards the present day, likely due to an infilling of the forest hollow leading to a decrease in moisture level. We conclude that beetle communities are directly affected by anthropogenic intensity and land-use change. When aiming to preserve or restore natural forest conditions, recording their past changes in diversity can help guide conservation and restoration. In doing so, it is important to look back beyond the time of significant human impact, and for this, information contained in paleoecological records is irreplaceable.

中文翻译：

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斯洛伐克高塔特拉山上一千年山地甲虫群落物种组成和多样性的变化：对森林保护和管理的影响

摘要 山地生物群落是具有多种栖息地的生物多样性高的生态位环境。这些不连续的残余生态系统通常是孤立的，栖息在狭窄的生态区，使它们受到不断变化的气候条件和人为压力的威胁。从斯洛伐克塔特拉国家公园的泥炭沼泽中提取了 12 个沉积物核心，并通过来自微 XRF 扫描的摆动匹配地球化学信号相互关联，以重建过去的条件。甲虫化石（鞘翅目）记录以 50 到 100 年的分辨率覆盖了过去 1000 年，为了解该地区动植物群的变化提供了新的见解。我们的研究结果揭示了一个多样化的甲虫群落，具有不同的生态群体，栖息在一系列森林、草地和人类栖息地。甲虫群落的变化与由人为活动驱动的景观变化有关。该地区人类活动的第一个明确证据出现在 c. 公元 1250 年，恰逢生活在驯养动物粪便上的甲虫物种（例如 Apodius spp.）的到来。从公元 1500 年起，人类（重新）定居以及放牧和烧炭等活动似乎对甲虫群落产生了显着影响。当地甲虫多样性到今天稳步下降，可能是由于森林空心填充导致水分含量下降。我们得出结论，甲虫群落直接受到人为强度和土地利用变化的影响。当旨在保护或恢复天然森林条件时，记录它们过去在多样性方面的变化可以帮助指导保护和恢复。这样做时，重要的是要回顾人类产生重大影响的时间，为此，古生态记录中包含的信息是不可替代的。