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Nuclear actin and myosin in chromatin regulation and maintenance of genome integrity.
International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology ( IF 6.420 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 , DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.05.001
Tomas Venit 1 , S Raza Mahmood 1 , Martin Endara-Coll 2 , Piergiorgio Percipalle 2
Affiliation  

Cytoskeletal proteins are beginning to be considered as key regulators of nuclear function. Among them, actin and myosin have been implicated in numerous tasks, including chromatin regulation, transcription and assembly of nascent ribonucleoprotein complexes. We also know from work performed by several labs that influx of actin and myosin into the nucleus and out of the nucleus is tightly regulated. In particular, in the case of actin, its nucleocytoplasmic import/export cycle is controlled by the importin/exportin system and it correlates with the transcriptional state of the cell. These basic molecular functions of both actin and myosin seem to impact key cellular functions, including development and differentiation as well as the cellular response to DNA damage by directly affecting transcriptional reprograming. These observations are beginning to suggest that actin and myosin could play an important role in consolidating the organization of the mammalian genome and that loss of actin and myosin likely leads to a general instability of the genome. In this chapter, we provide a general background on evidence that actin and myosin are important in key nuclear functions. Following this, we will focus on evidence supporting of a role in genome organization and finally we will discuss increasingly striking results on the role of actin and myosin in the maintenance of genome integrity.



中文翻译:

核肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在染色质调节和基因组完整性维护中的作用。

细胞骨架蛋白开始被认为是核功能的关键调节剂。其中,肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白参与了许多任务,包括染色质调节、新生核糖核蛋白复合物的转录和组装。我们还从几个实验室进行的工作中了解到,肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白流入细胞核和流出细胞核受到严格调控。特别是,在肌动蛋白的情况下,其核质输入/输出循环受输入/输出系统控制,并且与细胞的转录状态相关。肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的这些基本分子功能似乎通过直接影响转录重编程来影响关键的细胞功能,包括发育和分化以及细胞对 DNA 损伤的反应。这些观察结果开始表明肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白可能在巩固哺乳动物基因组的组织方面发挥重要作用,并且肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的丢失可能导致基因组的普遍不稳定性。在本章中,我们提供了关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在关键核功能中很重要的证据的一般背景。在此之后,我们将专注于支持基因组组织中作用的证据,最后我们将讨论关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在维持基因组完整性中的作用的越来越显着的结果。我们提供了关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在关键核功能中很重要的证据的一般背景。在此之后,我们将专注于支持基因组组织中作用的证据,最后我们将讨论关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在维持基因组完整性中的作用的越来越显着的结果。我们提供了关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在关键核功能中很重要的证据的一般背景。在此之后,我们将专注于支持基因组组织中作用的证据,最后我们将讨论关于肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白在维持基因组完整性中的作用的越来越显着的结果。

更新日期:2020-06-05
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