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Will legal international rhino horn trade save wild rhino populations?
Global Ecology and Conservation ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01145
Jasper A J Eikelboom 1 , Rascha J M Nuijten 2 , Yingying X G Wang 1, 3 , Bradley Schroder 1, 4, 5 , Ignas M A Heitkönig 1 , Wolf M Mooij 6, 7 , Frank van Langevelde 1, 8 , Herbert H T Prins 9
Affiliation  

Wild vertebrate populations all over the globe are in decline, with poaching being the second-most-important cause. The high poaching rate of rhinoceros may drive these species into extinction within the coming decades. Some stakeholders argue to lift the ban on international rhino horn trade to potentially benefit rhino conservation, as current interventions appear to be insufficient. We reviewed scientific and grey literature to scrutinize the validity of reasoning behind the potential benefit of legal horn trade for wild rhino populations. We identified four mechanisms through which legal trade would impact wild rhino populations, of which only the increased revenue for rhino farmers could potentially benefit rhino conservation. Conversely, the global demand for rhino horn is likely to increase to a level that cannot be met solely by legal supply. Moreover, corruption is omnipresent in countries along the trade routes, which has the potential to negatively affect rhino conservation. Finally, programmes aimed at reducing rhino horn demand will be counteracted through trade legalization by removing the stigma on consuming rhino horn. Combining these insights and comparing them with criteria for sustainable wildlife farming, we conclude that legalizing rhino horn trade will likely negatively impact the remaining wild rhino populations. To preserve rhino species, we suggest to prioritize reducing corruption within rhino horn trade, increasing the rhino population within well-protected 'safe havens' and implementing educational programmes and law enforcement targeted at rhino horn consumers.



中文翻译:

合法的国际犀牛角贸易会拯救野生犀牛种群吗?

全球野生脊椎动物的数量正在减少,偷猎是第二重要的原因。犀牛的高偷猎率可能在未来几十年内将这些物种灭绝。一些利益相关者争辩说,由于目前的干预措施似乎不足,取消对国际犀牛角贸易的禁令可能有益于犀牛保护。我们回顾了科学和灰色文献,以研究推理合法的号角贸易对野生犀牛种群的潜在利益背后的有效性。我们确定了四种机制,合法贸易将通过这些机制影响野生犀牛种群,其中只有犀牛农民增加的收入才有可能使犀牛保护受益。反过来,全球对犀牛角的需求可能会增加到仅靠合法供应无法满足的水平。此外,在贸易路线沿线的国家中,腐败无处不在,这有可能对犀牛保护产生负面影响。最后,旨在消除犀牛角需求的计划将通过消除贸易合法性,消除消耗犀牛角的污名而抵消。结合这些见解并将其与可持续野生动植物养殖的标准进行比较,我们得出结论,使犀牛角贸易合法化将可能对剩余的野生犀牛种群产生负面影响。为了保护犀牛物种,我们建议优先减少犀牛角贸易中的腐败,增加受到良好保护的“避风港”中的犀牛数量

更新日期:2020-06-05
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