Abstract In this human subject study about interaction with head-up displays (HUDs), the impacts of three types of HUDs (flag, perspective, and flag and perspective) on experienced and inexperienced drivers were subjectively and objectively measured. The driving experiment divided 60 participants into two groups (experienced and inexperienced) and assessed their driving experiences in real high- and low-level driving tasks using the three types of HUDs. During the subjective performance evaluation, the participants executed secondary display tasks and performed a primary driving task with eye-tracking and physiological monitoring. The flag and perspective display (display FP) and the perspective display (display P) were more effective in helping drivers execute simple tasks and complex tasks, and both experienced and inexperienced drivers were HUD-dependent. Based on the study, we provided an optimized design strategy for the HUD interface. Also, we suggest the HUD design should give special consideration for inexperienced drivers.

中文翻译：

---

平视显示器感知对有经验和无经验驾驶员驾驶安全的影响

摘要 在这项关于与平视显示器 (HUD) 交互的人类主题研究中，主观和客观地测量了三种类型的 HUD（旗帜、透视、旗帜和透视）对有经验和没有经验的驾驶员的影响。驾驶实验将 60 名参与者分为两组（有经验的和没有经验的），并使用三种类型的 HUD 评估他们在实际高级和低级驾驶任务中的驾驶体验。在主观表现评估期间，参与者执行辅助显示任务并执行具有眼动追踪和生理监测的主要驾驶任务。旗帜和透视显示（显示FP）和透视显示（显示P）在帮助驾驶员执行简单任务和复杂任务方面更有效，有经验和没有经验的司机都依赖于 HUD。基于研究，我们为 HUD 界面提供了优化的设计策略。此外，我们建议 HUD 设计应特别考虑没有经验的驾驶员。