The biosynthesis of various useful chemicals from simple substrates using industrial microorganisms is becoming increasingly crucial to address the challenge of dwindling non-renewable resources. As the most common intermediate substrates in organisms, Coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters play a central role in the carbon chain elongation process of their products. As a result, numerous of chemicals can be synthesized by the iterative addition of various CoA thioester extender units at a given CoA thioester primer backbone. However, these elongation reactions and the product yields are still restricted due to the low enzymatic performance and supply of CoA thioesters. This review highlights the current protein and metabolic engineering strategies used to enhance the diversity and product yield by coupling different primers, extender units, enzymes, and termination pathways, in an attempt to provide a road map for producing a more diverse range of industrial chemicals.

利用工业微生物从简单的底物中生物合成各种有用的化学物质，对解决日益减少的不可再生资源的挑战变得越来越重要。辅酶A（CoA）硫酯作为生物体中最常见的中间底物，在其产品的碳链延长过程中起着核心作用。结果，可以通过在给定的CoA硫酯底漆骨架上迭代添加各种CoA硫酯增量剂单元来合成许多化学物质。然而，由于低的酶促性能和CoA硫酯的供应，这些延伸反应和产物产率仍然受到限制。这篇评论重点介绍了通过偶联不同的引物，延伸物单位，酶，