The lack of approaches to consider the economic-life cycle environmental performance of cropping systems at experimental stage and the absence of evaluations regarding alternative mango systems are issues addressed in this paper. In this study, an approach for assessing the environmental-economic performance of alternative crop systems, at the experimental stage, is proposed and applied to the mango experiment in Brazil. This approach may be used in other assessments of cropping systems at experimental stage. The proposed approach encompasses three consecutive evaluations: agronomic and environmental-economic. Initially, the agronomic evaluation statistically compares the yield of alternative cropping systems (treatments in the experiment). Next, a treatment is selected among those with significant better yield and compared to the treatment representing the conventional system, considering environmental and economic criteria. The environmental criteria are the carbon and water footprints of the selected treatments, according to ISO 14067 and 14,046, while the economic is profitability (revenue minus costs with labor and inputs). This approach was applied to evaluate an 8-year mango experiment in the Sao Francisco Valley, Brazil, which intercropped mango trees with two types of plant mixtures (cover crops with different plant mixes), applying two soil management systems (tillage and no-tillage). The agronomic assessment that statistically compared yields showed that four treatments (T1, T2, T4, and T5) obtained higher yields than those representing the conventional system (T3 and T6). Treatment T4 was selected among the ones with higher yields, and compared with T6 (conventional system), considering the economic and environmental criteria. The economic analysis showed that in 30 years (expected orchard life time), T4 generates a profit that is 44% higher than T6. Regarding the environmental analysis, T4 presents a 16% lower carbon footprint and from 16 to 435% lower water footprint than T6, according to the impact category considered. The scenario where land use changed from an annual crop (melon) to mango orchard further reduced both carbon and water footprints of mangoes produced in T4. The application of the proposed approach to the mango experiment resulted in the reduction of time and data requirements when evaluating the economic-environmental performance of mango alternative cropping systems, allowing the selection of best performing treatment. The assessment of economic-environmental performance showed that treatments with plant mixtures used as cover crops between lines of mango trees, independently of the type of mix used or the soil management applied, enhance the overall performance of mango production.

中文翻译：

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在试验阶段评估种植系统环境经济绩效的敏捷方法：以巴西芒果为例

缺乏在试验阶段考虑种植系统经济生命周期环境绩效的方法以及缺乏对替代芒果系统的评估是本文解决的问题。在这项研究中，提出了一种在试验阶段评估替代作物系统的环境经济绩效的方法，并将其应用于巴西的芒果试验。这种方法可用于在试验阶段对种植系统进行其他评估。提议的方法包括三个连续的评估：农艺和环境经济。最初，农艺评价在统计上比较了替代种植系统（实验中的处理）的产量。下一个，考虑到环境和经济标准，从产量显着提高的处理中选择一种处理，并与代表传统系统的处理进行比较。根据 ISO 14067 和 14,046，环境标准是所选处理的碳足迹和水足迹，而经济标准是盈利能力（收入减去劳动力和投入的成本）。该方法用于评估在巴西圣弗朗西斯科山谷进行的为期 8 年的芒果试验，该试验将芒果树与两种植物混合物（具有不同植物混合物的覆盖作物）间作，应用两种土壤管理系统（耕作和免耕） ）。统计比较产量的农艺评估表明，四种处理（T1、T2、T4 和 T5）的产量高于代表传统系统（T3 和 T6）的处理。考虑到经济和环境标准，从产量较高的处理中选择处理 T4，并与 T6（常规系统）进行比较。经济分析表明，在 30 年（预期果园寿命）内，T4 产生的利润比 T6 高 44%。在环境分析方面，根据所考虑的影响类别，T4 的碳足迹比 T6 低 16%，水足迹低 16% 至 435%。土地利用从一年生作物（瓜）转变为芒果园的情景进一步减少了 T4 生产的芒果的碳足迹和水足迹。在评估芒果替代种植系统的经济 - 环境绩效时，将提议的方法应用于芒果实验导致减少了时间和数据要求，允许选择表现最佳的治疗。经济 - 环境绩效评估表明，将植物混合物用作芒果树行间覆盖作物的处理，独立于所使用的混合物类型或应用的土壤管理，可提高芒果生产的整体性能。