The institution of social distancing and punitive measures to contain the spread of COVID-19 through human-to-human transmission has environmental, health and economic impact. While the global pandemic has led to the enhancement of the health system and decline of emissions, economic development appears deteriorating. Here, we present the global environmental, health and economic dimension of the effect of COVID-19 using qualitative and empirical assessments. We report the health system policies, environmental sustainability issues, and fiscal, monetary and exchange rate measures introduced during lockdown across countries. While air pollution is reported to have declined, municipal and medical waste is increasing. The COVID-19 global pandemic uncertainty ranks the UK as the country with the highest uncertainty level among 143 countries. The USA has introduced 100% of pre-COVID-19 crisis level GDP, the highest policy cut-rate among 162 countries. Science, innovation, research and development underpin COVID-19 containment measures implemented across countries. Our study demonstrates the need for future research to focus on environment-health-economic nexus—a trilemma that has a potential trade-off.

中文翻译：

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对新型冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 的环境、健康和经济影响的全球评估

为遏制 COVID-19 通过人际传播传播而采取的社会疏离和惩罚措施对环境、健康和经济产生了影响。虽然全球大流行导致卫生系统得到加强和排放量下降，但经济发展似乎正在恶化。在这里，我们使用定性和实证评估来介绍 COVID-19 影响的全球环境、健康和经济方面。我们报告了各国在封锁期间引入的卫生系统政策、环境可持续性问题以及财政、货币和汇率措施。虽然据报道空气污染有所下降，但城市和医疗废物却在增加。COVID-19 全球大流行的不确定性将英国列为 143 个国家中不确定性水平最高的国家。美国引入了 100% 的 COVID-19 危机前 GDP 水平，是 162 个国家中最高的政策削减率。科学、创新、研发是各国实施的 COVID-19 遏制措施的基础。我们的研究表明，未来的研究需要关注环境-健康-经济关系——这是一个具有潜在权衡的三难困境。