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Evaporation from soils of different texture covered by layers of water repellent and wettable soils
Biologia ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-16 , DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00471-5
Ľubomír Lichner , Vincenzo Alagna , Massimo Iovino , Vito A. Laudicina , Viliam Novák

Water repellent soils are able to channel water deep into the soil profile by fingered flow, minimising water storage in the water repellent top layer where water is most susceptible to evaporation. To date, the effect of water repellent or wettable surface layer on evaporation from wet sublayer has only been reported for coarse materials, and an increase in water repellency led to a greater delay in water evaporation. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of water repellent vs. wettable top layers with different thickness on water evaporation from coarse and fine texture subsoils that were pre-moistened. Clay loam soil samples were taken from Pinus pinaster woodland of Ciavolo, Italy, and sandy soil samples from Pinus sylvestris woodland of Sekule, Slovakia. Evaporation from soil samples was determined from the loss of weight in laboratory conditions. Water in the clay loam soil from Ciavolo was held for a longer period due to slower evaporative loss than in the sandy soil from Sekule, and the impact of the water repellent layer on the loss rate over time is related to its thickness. Over 550 h, about 90% of the initial stored water was evaporated from the uncovered clay-loam soil sample from Ciavolo. In the same time, the 0.3, 1, and 2 cm-thick duff layers, respectively, saved about 23, 34, and 58% of water from evaporation, and evaporation of 90% of water took over 780, 1100, and 1450 h. It means that the clay loam soil cover with the 0.3, 1, and 2 cm-thick duff layers resulted in prolonging the evaporation by 10, 23, and 37.5 days, respectively. As to the sandy soil from Sekule, 98% of water was evaporated from the uncovered soil sample over 240 h. In the same time, the 0.3, 1, and 2 cm-thick water repellent soil layers, respectively, saved about 7, 45, and 59% of water from evaporation, and evaporation of 98% of water took over 330, 606, and 774 h. It means that the sandy soil cover with the 0.3, 1, and 2 cm-thick water repellent soil layers resulted in prolonging the evaporation by about 4, 15, and 22 days, respectively. It can be concluded that water repellent surface layers, created by pine trees, are able to delay evaporation significantly for both coarse and fine textured soils, which may be particularly beneficial for plants during hot and dry periods in summer.



中文翻译:

从具有疏水性和可湿性土壤层的不同质地的土壤中蒸发

拒水土壤能够通过指流将水引导到土壤剖面的深处,从而最大程度地减少了水分最易蒸发的拒水顶层中的蓄水量。迄今为止,疏水性或可湿性表面层对从湿亚层蒸发的影响仅报道于粗材料,并且疏水性的提高导致水蒸发的更大延迟。这项研究的目的是评估不同厚度的拒水层与可湿性顶层对预湿的粗质地和细质地土壤的水分蒸发的影响。粘土壤土样品取自意大利Ciavolo的Pinus pinaster林地,而樟子松的沙质土壤样品取自的Sekule林地。从实验室条件下失重确定土壤样品的蒸发量。由于蒸发损失比来自Sekule的沙质土壤要慢,因此Ciavolo的粘土壤土中的水分保留的时间更长,并且随着时间的流逝,疏水层对损失率的影响与其厚度有关。在550小时内,大约90%的初始存储水从Ciavolo的未覆盖的粘土壤土样品中蒸发了。同时,厚度为0.3厘米,1厘米和2厘米的达芙层分别从蒸发中节省了23%,34%和58%的水,而90%的水蒸发了780、1100和1450 h 。这意味着具有0.3、1、2厘米厚的达芙层的粘土壤土覆盖分别导致蒸发时间分别延长10天,23天和37.5天。对于来自Sekule的沙质土壤,在240小时内从未覆盖的土壤样品中蒸发了98%的水。同时,厚度分别为0.3、1和2厘米的憎水土壤层分别从蒸发中节省了约7、45和59%的水,其中98%的水的蒸发吸收了330、606和90%的水分。 774小时 这意味着具有0.3、1、2厘米厚的憎水土壤层的沙土覆盖层分别将蒸发时间分别延长了约4、15和22天。可以得出结论,由松树形成的憎水表面层能够显着延迟粗糙和精细纹理土壤的蒸发,这可能对夏季炎热干燥的植物特别有益。一层和两厘米厚的憎水土壤层分别从蒸发中节省了约7、45和59%的水,而98%的水蒸发了330、606和774小时。这意味着具有0.3、1、2厘米厚的憎水土壤层的沙土覆盖层分别将蒸发时间分别延长了约4、15和22天。可以得出结论,由松树形成的憎水表面层能够显着延迟粗糙和精细纹理土壤的蒸发,这可能对夏季炎热干燥的植物特别有益。一层和两厘米厚的憎水土壤层分别从蒸发中节省了约7、45和59%的水,而98%的水蒸发了330、606和774小时。这意味着具有0.3、1、2厘米厚的憎水土壤层的沙土覆盖层分别将蒸发时间分别延长了约4、15和22天。可以得出结论,由松树形成的憎水表面层能够显着延迟粗糙和精细纹理土壤的蒸发,这可能对夏季炎热干燥的植物特别有益。一层和两厘米厚的憎水土壤层分别将蒸发时间分别延长了约4、15和22天。可以得出结论,由松树形成的憎水表面层能够显着延迟粗糙和精细纹理土壤的蒸发,这可能对夏季炎热干燥的植物特别有益。一层和两厘米厚的憎水土壤层分别将蒸发时间分别延长了约4、15和22天。可以得出结论,由松树形成的憎水表面层能够显着延迟粗糙和精细纹理土壤的蒸发,这可能对夏季炎热干燥的植物特别有益。

更新日期:2020-03-16
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