Cancer is a leading cause of human mortality. Given that it is difficult for conventional therapeutic approaches to effectively eradicate tumors and inhibit their recurrence and metastasis, new therapeutic strategies for solving this problem are urgently needed. In this work, we report the development of a two-dimensional titanium carbide nanocomposite drug delivery system. The system can be used for the synergistic treatment of tumors through photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy and can also inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis by activating the immune system. A surface modification engineering strategy has been elaborately designed to realize the multifunctionalization of an MXene, Ti₃C₂. In this strategy, the nanocomposite drug delivery system (Ti₃C₂@Met@CP) was established via layer by layer adsorption of metformin (Met) and compound polysaccharide (CP) on the surface of Ti₃C₂ nanosheets. Among these materials, the synthesized (AlOH)₄⁻-functionalized Ti₃C₂ nanosheets possess strong near-infrared absorption (extinction coefficient of 36.2 L g⁻¹ cm⁻¹), high photothermal conversion efficiency (∼59.6%) and effective singlet oxygen generation (¹O₂). Compound polysaccharide (CP) is a new immunomodulator formed by mixing lentinan, pachymaran and tremella polysaccharides in optimal proportions. Especially, the decoration of CP onto the Ti₃C₂ nanosheets endows Ti₃C₂ with a well-defined shell, improves its tumor site aggregation and biocompatibility, and activates the host's immune functions. The synergistic eradication and inhibition of tumor recurrence and metastasis have been systematically evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

中文翻译：

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二维碳化钛的表面改性工程，用于乳腺癌的有效协同多重治疗。

癌症是人类死亡的主要原因。鉴于常规治疗方法难以有效根除肿瘤并抑制其复发和转移，迫切需要解决该问题的新治疗策略。在这项工作中，我们报告了二维碳化钛纳米复合药物递送系统的开发。该系统可通过光热/光动力/化学疗法用于肿瘤的协同治疗，还可以通过激活免疫系统抑制肿瘤的复发和转移。已经精心设计了表面改性工程策略，以实现MXene Ti ₃ C ₂的多功能化。在这种策略中，纳米复合药物递送系统（Ti ₃ C通过在Ti ₃ C ₂纳米片的表面上逐层吸附二甲双胍（Met）和化合物多糖（CP）来建立_2（ Met @ CP）。在这些材料中，合成（AlOH） ₄ ^- -官能化的Ti ₃ c ^ _2个纳米片具有强的近红外线吸收（36.2 L G消光系数^-1厘米^-1，高光热转换效率（~59.6％）和有效单峰）氧气产生（ ¹ O ₂）。复合多糖（CP）是一种新的免疫调节剂，通过将香菇多糖，厚皮多糖和银耳多糖以最佳比例混合而成。尤其是，CP在Ti ₃ C ₂纳米片上的装饰使Ti ₃ C ₂具有明确的外壳，改善了其肿瘤部位的聚集和生物相容性，并激活了宿主的免疫功能。通过体内和体外实验已系统评估了协同消除和抑制肿瘤复发和转移。