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An Efficient Combination among sMRI, CSF, Cognitive Score, and APOE ε4 Biomarkers for Classification of AD and MCI Using Extreme Learning Machine.
Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience ( IF 3.120 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 , DOI: 10.1155/2020/8015156
Uttam Khatri 1 , Goo-Rak Kwon 1
Affiliation  

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and a progressive neurodegenerative condition, characterized by a decline in cognitive function. Symptoms usually appear gradually and worsen over time, becoming severe enough to interfere with individual daily tasks. Thus, the accurate diagnosis of both AD and the prodromal stage (i.e., mild cognitive impairment (MCI)) is crucial for timely treatment. As AD is inherently dynamic, the relationship between AD indicators is unclear and varies over time. To address this issue, we first aimed at investigating differences in atrophic patterns between individuals with AD and MCI and healthy controls (HCs). Then we utilized multiple biomarkers, along with filter- and wrapper-based feature selection and an extreme learning machine- (ELM-) based approach, with 10-fold cross-validation for classification. Increasing efforts are focusing on the use of multiple biomarkers, which can be useful for the diagnosis of AD and MCI. However, optimum combinations have yet to be identified and most multimodal analyses use only volumetric measures obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomical structural MRI (sMRI) measures have also so far mostly been used separately. The full possibilities of using anatomical MRI for AD detection have thus yet to be explored. In this study, three measures (cortical thickness, surface area, and gray matter volume), obtained from sMRI through preprocessing for brain atrophy measurements; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), for quantification of specific proteins; cognitive score, as a measure of cognitive performance; and APOE ε4 allele status were utilized. Our results show that a combination of specific biomarkers performs well, with accuracies of 97.31% for classifying AD vs. HC, 91.72% for MCI vs. HC, 87.91% for MCI vs. AD, and 83.38% for MCIs vs. MCIc, respectively, when evaluated using the proposed algorithm. Meanwhile, the areas under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves combining multiple biomarkers provided better classification performance. The proposed features combination and selection algorithm effectively classified AD and MCI, and MCIs vs. MCIc, the most challenging classification task, and therefore could increase the accuracy of AD classification in clinical practice. Furthermore, we compared the performance of the proposed method with SVM classifiers, using a cross-validation method with Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) datasets.

中文翻译:

sMRI,CSF,认知评分和APOEε4生物标记物之间的有效组合,可使用极限学习机对AD和MCI进行分类。

阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)是痴呆和进行性神经退行性疾病的最常见原因,其特征是认知功能下降。症状通常会逐渐出现并随着时间的推移而恶化,变得严重到足以干扰个人的日常任务。因此,AD和前驱期(即轻度认知障碍(MCI))的准确诊断对于及时治疗至关重要。由于AD具有固有的动态性,因此AD指标之间的关系尚不清楚,并且会随时间变化。为了解决这个问题,我们首先旨在调查患有AD和MCI的个体与健康对照(HCs)之间萎缩模式的差异。然后,我们利用了多种生物标记,以及基于过滤器和包装器的特征选择以及基于极限学习机(ELM)的方法,具有10倍交叉验证的分类。越来越多的努力集中在使用多种生物标志物上,这些标志物可用于诊断AD和MCI。但是,最佳组合尚待确定,大多数多峰分析仅使用从磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体积测量。迄今为止,解剖结构MRI(sMRI)措施也大多单独使用。因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,通过对脑萎缩测量进行预处理从sMRI获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 越来越多的努力集中在使用多种生物标志物上,这些标志物可用于诊断AD和MCI。但是,最佳组合尚待确定,大多数多峰分析仅使用从磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体积测量。迄今为止,解剖结构MRI(sMRI)措施也大多单独使用。因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,从sMRI通过预处理进行脑萎缩测量获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 越来越多的努力集中在使用多种生物标志物上,这些标志物可用于诊断AD和MCI。但是,最佳组合尚待确定,大多数多峰分析仅使用从磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体积测量值。迄今为止,解剖结构MRI(sMRI)措施也大多单独使用。因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,从sMRI通过预处理进行脑萎缩测量获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 最佳组合尚未确定,大多数多峰分析仅使用从磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体积测量值。迄今为止,解剖结构MRI(sMRI)措施也大多单独使用。因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,从sMRI通过预处理进行脑萎缩测量获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 最佳组合尚未确定,大多数多峰分析仅使用从磁共振成像(MRI)获得的体积测量值。迄今为止,解剖结构MRI(sMRI)措施也大多单独使用。因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,从sMRI通过预处理进行脑萎缩测量获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,通过对脑萎缩测量进行预处理从sMRI获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和 因此,尚未探究将解剖学MRI用于AD检测的全部可能性。在这项研究中,通过对脑萎缩测量进行预处理从sMRI获得了三种测量值(皮层厚度,表面积和灰质体积);脑脊液(CSF),用于定量特定蛋白质;认知评分,作为认知表现的量度;和APOEε利用了4个等位基因状态。我们的结果表明,特定生物标志物的组合效果良好,AD与HC的分类准确度分别为97.31%,MCI与HC的准确度分别为91.72%,MCI与AD的准确度分别为87.91%和MCI与MCIc的准确度分别为83.38% ,当使用建议的算法进行评估时。同时,结合多个生物标记物的接收器工作特性(ROC)曲线的曲线下面积(AUC)提供了更好的分类性能。提出的特征组合和选择算法有效地对AD和MCI进行了分类,并且MCI与MCIc是最具挑战性的分类任务,因此可以提高临床实践中AD分类的准确性。此外,我们将提出的方法与SVM分类器的性能进行了比较,
更新日期:2020-06-04
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