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Impact of E-Cigarette Liquid Flavoring Agents on Activity of Microsomal Recombinant CYP2A6, the Primary Nicotine-Metabolizing Enzyme.
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00514
Brett R Winters 1, 2 , Tavleen K Kochar 3 , Phillip W Clapp 4 , Ilona Jaspers 1, 4 , Michael C Madden 5
Affiliation  

Nicotine is the primary psychoactive chemical in both traditional and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). Nicotine levels in both traditional cigarettes and e-cigarettes are an important concern for public health. Nicotine exposure due to e-cigarette use is of importance primarily due to the addictive potential of nicotine, but there is also concern for nicotine poisoning in e-cigarette users. Nicotine concentrations in e-liquids vary widely. Additionally, there is significant genetic variability in the rate of metabolism of nicotine due to polymorphisms of CYP2A6, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of approximately 80% of nicotine. Recent studies have shown CYP2A6 activity is also reduced by aromatic aldehydes such as those added to e-liquids as flavoring agents, which may increase nicotine serum concentrations. However, the impacts of flavored e-liquids on CYP2A6 activity are unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of three flavored e-liquids on microsomal recombinant CYP2A6. Microsomal recombinant CYP2A6 was challenged at e-liquid concentrations ranging up to 0.125% (v/v) and monitored for metabolic activity using a probe molecule approach. Two e-liquids exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of CYP2A6 activity. Mass spectrometry was conducted to identify flavoring agents in flavored e-liquids that inhibited CYP2A6. Microsomal recombinant CYP2A6 was subsequently exposed to flavoring agents at concentrations ranging from 0.03 μM to 500 μM. Cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde were found to be the most potent inhibitors of microsomal CYP2A6 of the flavoring agents tested, with identified IC50 values of 1.1 μM and 3.0 μM, respectively. These data indicate certain aromatic aldehyde flavoring agents are potent inhibitors of CYP2A6, which may reduce nicotine metabolism in vivo. These findings indicate an urgent need to evaluate the effects of flavoring agents in e-cigarette liquids on the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in vivo.

中文翻译:

电子烟液体调味剂对微粒体重组CYP2A6(主要的尼古丁代谢酶)活性的影响。

尼古丁是传统和电子香烟(电子烟)中的主要精神活性化学物质。传统卷烟和电子烟中的尼古丁含量都是公共卫生的重要问题。由于使用电子烟而引起的尼古丁暴露是重要的,这主要是由于尼古丁具有成瘾性,但也引起了电子烟使用者中尼古丁中毒的担忧。电子液体中的尼古丁浓度差异很大。另外,由于CYP2A6(负责约80%尼古丁代谢的酶)的多态性,尼古丁代谢率存在显着的遗传变异性。最近的研究表明,CYP2A6活性也被芳香醛降低,例如作为增香剂添加到电子液体中的芳香醛,这可能会增加尼古丁的血清浓度。然而,风味电子液体对CYP2A6活性的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中,我们调查了三种风味电子液体对微粒体重组CYP2A6的影响。以高达0.125%(v / v)的电子液体浓度挑战微粒体重组CYP2A6,并使用探针分子方法监测其代谢活性。两种电子液体显示出CYP2A6活性的剂量依赖性抑制作用。进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,并具有鉴定的IC 我们研究了三种风味电子液体对微粒体重组CYP2A6的影响。以高达0.125%(v / v)的电子液体浓度挑战微粒体重组CYP2A6,并使用探针分子方法监测其代谢活性。两种电子液体显示出CYP2A6活性的剂量依赖性抑制作用。进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,并具有鉴定的IC 我们研究了三种风味电子液体对微粒体重组CYP2A6的影响。以高达0.125%(v / v)的电子液体浓度挑战微粒体重组CYP2A6,并使用探针分子方法监测其代谢活性。两种电子液体显示出CYP2A6活性的剂量依赖性抑制作用。进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。已发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,具有已鉴定的IC 以高达0.125%(v / v)的电子液体浓度挑战微粒体重组CYP2A6,并使用探针分子方法监测其代谢活性。两种电子液体显示出CYP2A6活性的剂量依赖性抑制作用。进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,并具有鉴定的IC 以高达0.125%(v / v)的电子液体浓度挑战微粒体重组CYP2A6,并使用探针分子方法监测其代谢活性。两种电子液体显示出CYP2A6活性的剂量依赖性抑制作用。进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。已发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,具有已鉴定的IC 进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,并具有鉴定的IC 进行质谱分析以鉴定增香的电子液体中抑制CYP2A6的增香剂。随后将微粒体重组CYP2A6暴露于0.03μM至500μM范围内的调味剂。发现肉桂醛和苯甲醛是测试的调味剂中微粒体CYP2A6的最有效抑制剂,并具有鉴定的IC50个值分别为1.1μM和3.0μM。这些数据表明某些芳香醛调味剂是CYP2A6的有效抑制剂,可降低体内尼古丁的代谢。这些发现表明迫切需要评估电子烟液中调味剂对体内尼古丁药代动力学的影响。
更新日期:2020-07-20
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