Worldwide, introduced pest species create significant challenges to native biodiversity and individual health. New Zealand has an extensive history of attempting to protect biodiversity from introduced pests such as the Brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula [Diprotodontia: Phalangeridae]). Success has been achieved on a small scale, but the transition to the whole country management poses new issues. Therefore, this review uses the framework of ‘Predator Free 2050’ to summarize current practices and scrutinize new technologies. Importantly, we include a toxicology focus to the discussion, providing detail on the mechanism(s) of action that inform decisions regarding the pros and cons for the use of various chemical agents. Currently, the New Zealand government supports the use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) for predator control on a mass scale, but this comes with a social opposition that is not always reflective of the underlying science. Understanding this controversy is vital if new strategies are to be deployed to achieve large-scale pest management. We use New Zealand as a case study in this area because its unique and isolated ecosystem provides a global opportunity for understanding new technologies and best practice.

中文翻译：

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从公园到国家的病虫害管理升级：新西兰的案例研究

在世界范围内，引入的有害生物物种对本地生物多样性和个人健康构成了重大挑战。新西兰有尝试保护生物多样性免受引入的有害生物（如刷尾负鼠（Trichosurus vulpecula）[双齿动物：Phalangeridae]。虽然取得了小规模的成功，但是向整个国家的管理过渡带来了新的问题。因此，本次审查使用“ Predator Free 2050”的框架来总结当前做法并审查新技术。重要的是，我们将毒理学重点放在讨论中，提供有关作用机制的详细信息，这些作用机制可为使用各种化学试剂的利弊决策提供依据。目前，新西兰政府支持使用氟乙酸钠（1080）大规模控制捕食者，但这带来了社会上的对立，并不总是能反映基础科学。如果要采用新的策略来实现大规模虫害管理，那么了解这一争议至关重要。