This research examines the water tariff applied to Spanish households with the aim of determining the adequacy of the river-basin approach established by the water framework directive (WFD). The analysis pays particular attention to Spain’s interregional differences in water prices, as well as determining the most influential factors in household water consumption. The results achieved through minimum ordinary squares and 2-stage least squares show the great influence of relevant factors such as the composition of the household, as the most populated households are penalized by the structure of the rate. In addition, there is evidence of inefficiency of the approach derived from the existence of regional differences, since the prices are higher in those regions where resources are reduced, a fact related to the higher cost of service. Thus, taking into account the excessive attention to the cost of the service, the results obtained allow to propose a change in the rate with the aim of balancing prices between regions taking into account factors such as the structure of the household or income.

中文翻译：

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在水框架指令的背景下，水价对西班牙消费和领土失衡的影响

本研究调查了适用于西班牙家庭的水费，目的是确定水框架指令 (WFD) 建立的流域方法的充分性。该分析特别关注西班牙的地区间水价差异，以及确定对家庭用水量影响最大的因素。通过最小普通二乘法和两阶段最小二乘法得出的结果表明，家庭构成等相关因素的影响很大，因为人口最多的家庭受到了比率结构的惩罚。此外，有证据表明，由于存在区域差异，该方法效率低下，因为资源减少的区域价格较高，这与较高的服务成本有关。因此，