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Genome-wide adaptive evolution to underground stresses in subterranean mammals: Hypoxia adaption, immunity promotion, and sensory specialization.
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6462
Mengwan Jiang 1 , Luye Shi 1 , Xiujuan Li 1 , Qianqian Dong 1 , Hong Sun 1 , Yimeng Du 1 , Yifeng Zhang 1 , Tian Shao 1 , Han Cheng 1 , Weihua Chen 2 , Zhenlong Wang 1
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Life underground has provided remarkable examples of adaptive evolution in subterranean mammals; however, genome‐wide adaptive evolution to underground stresses still needs further research. There are approximately 250 species of subterranean mammals across three suborders and six families. These species not only inhabit hypoxic and dark burrows but also exhibit evolved adaptation to hypoxia, cancer resistance, and specialized sensory systems, making them an excellent model of evolution. The adaptive evolution of subterranean mammals has attracted great attention and needs further study. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of 5,853 single‐copy orthologous gene families of five subterranean mammals (Nannospalax galili , Heterocephalus glaber , Fukomys damarensis , Condylura cristata , and Chrysochloris asiatica ) showed that they formed fou distinct clusters. This result is consistent with the traditional systematics of these species. Furthermore, comparison of the high‐quality genomes of these five subterranean mammalian species led to the identification of the genomic signatures of adaptive evolution. Our results show that the five subterranean mammalian did not share positively selected genes but had similar functional enrichment categories, including hypoxia tolerance, immunity promotion, and sensory specialization, which adapted to the environment of underground stresses. Moreover, variations in soil hardness, climate, and lifestyles have resulted in different molecular mechanisms of adaptation to the hypoxic environment and different degrees of visual degradation. These results provide insights into the genome‐wide adaptive evolution to underground stresses in subterranean mammals, with special focus on the characteristics of hypoxia adaption, immunity promotion, and sensory specialization response to the life underground.

中文翻译:

全基因组适应地下哺乳动物地下压力的进化:低氧适应,增强免疫力和感觉专长。

地下生命为地下哺乳动物的适应性进化提供了杰出的例子。然而,全基因组对地下胁迫的适应性进化仍需进一步研究。在三个亚目和六个科中,大约有250种地下哺乳动物。这些物种不仅栖息在缺氧和黑暗的洞穴中,而且还表现出对缺氧,抗癌性和专门的感觉系统的适应能力,使其成为进化的极佳模型。地下哺乳动物的适应性进化引起了极大的关注,需要进一步研究。在本研究中,5,853系统发育分析单拷贝五个地下的哺乳动物直系同源基因家族(Nannospalax加利利Heterocephalus栎Fukomys damarensis尖锐湿疣亚洲绿藻)表明它们形成了不同的簇。该结果与这些物种的传统系统学一致。此外,对这五个地下哺乳动物物种的高质量基因组的比较导致对适应性进化的基因组特征的鉴定。我们的研究结果表明,这五个地下哺乳动物没有共享正向选择的基因,但具有相似的功能丰富类别,包括低氧耐受性,免疫力增强和感觉特化,这些都适应了地下压力环境。此外,土壤硬度,气候和生活方式的变化导致适应低氧环境的分子机制不同,视觉降解程度不同。
更新日期:2020-07-30
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