Some caterpillars produce sounds to startle or warn predators by rubbing the mandibles together or forcing air through the abdominal spiracles/oral cavity (Bura et al. 2016). Sound production through larval abdominal spiracles (i.e., whistling) has been reported in two closely related moth groups (Bura et al. 2016), hawkmoths (Sphingidae) and wild silkmoths (Saturniidae), which share a common ancestor (Hamilton et al. 2019). Although the sound characteristics and sound-producing spiracles of hawkmoth larvae have been clarified (Bura et al. 2011, 2016, Sugiura and Takanashi 2018), those of wild silkmoth larvae remain unclear. Revealing how wild silkmoth larvae whistle would contribute to understanding the evolutionary origin of sound production in Lepidoptera.

中文翻译：

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吱吱作响的毛虫：野生蚕的声波防御的独立进化

一些毛毛虫通过摩擦下颌骨或迫使空气通过腹部气孔/口腔来发出声音以惊吓或警告捕食者（Bura 等人，2016 年）。据报道，在两个密切相关的蛾类（Bura 等人，2016 年）中，天蛾科（Sphingidae）和野生蚕科（Saturniidae）通过幼虫腹部气孔（即吹口哨）产生声音，它们具有共同的祖先（Hamilton 等人，2019 年） ）。尽管已经阐明了天蛾幼虫的声音特征和发声气孔（Bura et al. 2011, 2016, Sugiura and Takanashi 2018），但野生蚕幼虫的声音特征和发声孔仍不清楚。揭示野生蚕幼虫如何吹口哨将有助于理解鳞翅目发声的进化起源。