Since ancient times, man has learned to use plants to obtain natural dyes, but this traditional botanical knowledge (TBK) is eroding. In the late, during, and the early 1800s, there was an increase in research related to dye species, and this allowed the development of industry and economy in rural contexts of Southern Italy. Today, dyes are mainly obtained from synthetic products, and this leads to risks for human health related to pollution. Starting from the literature, three catalogs of the dyeing species (plants, algae, fungi, and lichens) used in the Mediterranean Basin and mainly in Southern Italy have been created. Percentages of parts used and colors extracted from species have been recorded and analyzed. The plant species present in the catalogs have been verified in the territories of Southern Italy, and the data have been registered. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted, in the region of Southern Italy, to verify the erosion level of traditional botanical knowledge, linked to the ethnobotanical dyeing, over time. A total of 524 species were recorded among plants, algae, fungi, and lichens, and related parts used and extracted pigments. Most uses concern the stems and leaves, and the most frequent color is yellow. From the on-field survey operations, 283 plant species have been verified. These represent 64.31% of the species reported in the flora of the dye plants produced. The results, from the ethnobotanical survey, show that only 8.6% of TBK remained in the collective memory. This catalog is among the largest in this sector and is the basis for studies related to the restoration of an eco-sustainable economy which would allow the development of marginal areas present throughout Southern Italy.

中文翻译：

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意大利南部地中海盆地的染料植物民族植物学：植物目录和对传统植物知识遗产的两个世纪分析。

从远古时代开始，人类就学会了使用植物来获得天然染料，但是这种传统的植物学知识（TBK）正在被侵蚀。在1800年代后期，期间和初期，与染料种类有关的研究有所增加，这使意大利南部农村地区的工业和经济得以发展。如今，染料主要从合成产品中获得，这导致了与污染有关的人类健康风险。从文献开始，已经建立了地中海盆地（主要是意大利南部）使用的三种染色物种（植物，藻类，真菌和地衣）的目录。记录并分析了所用零件的百分比和从物种中提取的颜色。目录中存在的植物物种已在意大利南部地区进行了验证，并且已注册数据。在意大利南部地区进行了植物学调查，以验证随着时间的流逝，与植物学染色有关的传统植物学知识的侵蚀程度。植物，藻类，真菌和地衣中共记录了524种，以及使用和提取色素的相关部位。大多数用途都涉及茎和叶，最常见的颜色是黄色。通过现场调查操作，已验证了283种植物。这些占所生产的染料植物群中所报告物种的64.31％。来自种族植物学调查的结果表明，只有8.6％的TBK保留在集体记忆中。