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Adaptation and convergence in genes of the circadian system in Iberian Squalius freshwater species
bioRxiv - Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1101/706713
João M Moreno , Tiago F Jesus , Vitor C Sousa , Maria M Coelho

Background: The circadian clock is a biological timing system that improves the ability of organisms to deal with environmental fluctuations. At the molecular level it consists of a network of transcription-translation feedback loops, involving genes that activate (bmal and clock - positive loop) and repress expression (cryptochrome (cry) and period (per) - negative loop). This is regulated by daily alternations of light but can also be affected by temperature. Fish, as ectothermic, depend on the environmental temperature and thus are good models to study its integration within the circadian system. Here, we studied the molecular evolution of circadian genes in four Squalius freshwater fish species, distributed across Western Iberian rivers affected by two climatic types with different environmental conditions (e.g. light and temperature). S. carolitertii and S. pyrenaicus inhabit the colder northern region under Atlantic climate type, while S. torgalensis, S. aradensis and some populations of S. pyrenaicus inhabit the warmer southern region affected by summer droughts, under Mediterranean climate type. Results: We identified 16 circadian-core genes in the Squalius species using a comparative transcriptomics approach. We detected evidence of positive selection in nine of these genes using methods based on dN/dS. Positive selection was mainly found in cry and per genes of the negative loop of the cycle, with 11 putatively adaptive substitutions mostly located on protein domains. Evidence for positive selection is predominant in southern populations affected by the Mediterranean climate type. By predicting protein features we found that changes at sites under positive selection can impact protein thermostability by changing their aliphatic index and isoelectric point. Additionally, in nine genes, the phylogenetic clustering of species that belong to different clades but inhabit southern basins with similar environmental conditions indicated evolutionary convergence. Conclusions: Our results support that temperature may be a strong selective pressure driving the evolution of genes involved in the circadian system. By integrating sequence-based functional protein prediction with dN/dS-based methods to detect selection we also uncovered adaptive convergence in the southern populations, probably related to their similar thermal conditions.

中文翻译:

伊比利亚Squalius淡水物种的昼夜节律系统基因的适应和收敛

背景:生物钟是一种生物计时系统,可以提高生物体应对环境波动的能力。在分子水平上,它由转录-翻译反馈环网络组成,涉及激活(bmal和clock-正环)和抑制表达(隐色(cry)和周期(每个)-负环)的基因。这是由每天的光线交替来调节的,但是也会受到温度的影响。鱼是吸热的,它取决于环境温度,因此是研究其在昼夜节律系统中的整合的良好模型。在这里,我们研究了四种Squalius淡水鱼物种中昼夜节律基因的分子进化,这些物种分布在受不同气候条件(例如光照和温度)两种气候类型影响的伊比利亚西部河流中。S. 在大西洋气候类型下,carolitertii和S.pyrenaecus居住在较冷的北部地区,而地中海气候类型下,torgalensis,S。aradensis和一些S.pyrenaecus居住在受夏季干旱影响的较温暖的南部地区。结果:我们使用比较转录组学方法鉴定了Squalius物种中的16个昼夜节律核心基因。我们使用基于dN / dS的方法在其中9个基因中检测到阳性选择的证据。阳性选择主要存在于循环负循环的cry和每个基因中,其中11个推定的适应性替代主要位于蛋白质结构域上。在受到地中海气候类型影响的南部人口中,积极选择的证据最多。通过预测蛋白质特征,我们发现正选择下位点的变化会通过改变脂肪族指数和等电点来影响蛋白质的热稳定性。此外,在九个基因中,属于不同进化枝但栖息于环境条件相似的南部盆地的物种的系统发生聚类表明进化趋同。结论:我们的结果支持温度可能是驱动昼夜节律系统中涉及的基因进化的强大选择压力。通过将基于序列的功能蛋白预测与基于dN / dS的方法相结合以检测选择,我们还发现了南部种群的适应性收敛,可能与它们的相似热条件有关。在9个基因中,属于不同进化枝但栖息于环境条件相似的南部盆地的物种的系统发生聚类表明进化趋同。结论:我们的结果支持温度可能是驱动昼夜节律系统中涉及的基因进化的强大选择压力。通过将基于序列的功能蛋白预测与基于dN / dS的方法相结合以检测选择,我们还发现了南部种群的适应性收敛,可能与它们的相似热条件有关。在9个基因中,属于不同进化枝但栖息于环境条件相似的南部盆地的物种的系统发生聚类表明进化趋同。结论:我们的结果支持温度可能是驱动昼夜节律系统中涉及的基因进化的强大选择压力。通过将基于序列的功能蛋白预测与基于dN / dS的方法相结合以检测选择,我们还发现了南部种群的适应性收敛,可能与它们的相似热条件有关。我们的结果支持温度可能是驱动昼夜节律系统中涉及的基因进化的强大选择压力。通过将基于序列的功能蛋白预测与基于dN / dS的方法相结合以检测选择,我们还发现了南部种群的适应性收敛,可能与它们的相似热条件有关。我们的结果支持温度可能是驱动昼夜节律系统中涉及的基因进化的强大选择压力。通过将基于序列的功能蛋白预测与基于dN / dS的方法相结合以检测选择,我们还发现了南部种群的适应性收敛,可能与它们的相似热条件有关。
更新日期:2020-06-02
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