Results examining variations in the ice extent along the Norwegian coastline based on the analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2001 to 2019, February through May, are presented. A total of 386 fjords and coastal areas were outlined and grouped into ten regions to assess seasonal and long-term trends in ice extent. In addition, three fjords were examined to investigate how ice extent may vary over short distances (<100 km). Of the 386 outlined, 47 fjords/coastal areas held >5 km2 of ice at least once between 2001 and 2019. Over this span of time, no statistically significant trend in ice extent is found for all ten regions; however, variations between regions and years are evident. Ice extent is assessed through comparison to three weather variables – freezing degree days (FDD), daily new snowfall and daily freshwater supply from rainfall plus snowmelt. Six out of ten regions are significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05) to FDD. In addition, ice in two regions is significantly positively correlated to daily new snowfall, and in one region negatively correlated to rainfall plus snowmelt. The importance of fjord geometry and bathymetry as well as other weather variables including wind is discussed.

中文翻译：

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从 MODIS 图像分析 2001 年至 2019 年亚北极峡湾和沿海地区的冰层范围

根据对 2001 年至 2019 年 2 月至 5 月的中分辨率成像光谱仪 (MODIS) 图像的分析，研究了挪威海岸线冰层范围变化的结果。总共概述了 386 个峡湾和沿海地区，并将其分为 10 个区域，以评估冰层范围的季节性和长期趋势。此外，还对三个峡湾进行了检查，以研究冰层范围在短距离（<100 公里）内的变化。在概述的 386 个中，47 个峡湾/沿海地区拥有超过 5 公里2在 2001 年至 2019 年之间至少有一次冰层。在这段时间里，所有十个地区的冰层范围都没有统计上显着的趋势；然而，地区和年份之间的差异是显而易见的。通过与三个天气变量的比较来评估冰层范围 - 冰度天数 (FDD)、每日新降雪量以及降雨加融雪的每日淡水供应量。十分之六的区域显着正相关（p< 0.05) 到 FDD。此外，两个地区的冰与每日新增降雪量呈显着正相关，而在一个地区，则与降雨加融雪量呈负相关。讨论了峡湾几何形状和水深测量以及包括风在内的其他天气变量的重要性。