Flexible and transparent microelectrodes and interconnects provide the unique capability for a wide range of emerging biological applications, including simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biological systems. For practical biointerfacing, it is important to further improve the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the transparent conductive materials. Here, high‐performance microelectrodes and interconnects with high optical transmittance (59–81%), superior electrochemical impedance (5.4–18.4 Ω cm²), and excellent sheet resistance (5.6–14.1 Ω sq⁻¹), using indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal grid (MG) hybrid structures are demonstrated. Notably, the hybrid structures retain the superior mechanical properties of flexible MG other than brittle ITO with no changes in sheet resistance even after 5000 bending cycles against a small radius at 5 mm. The capabilities of the ITO/MG microelectrodes and interconnects are highlighted by high‐fidelity electrical recordings of transgenic mouse hearts during co‐localized programmed optogenetic stimulation. In vivo histological analysis reveals that the ITO/MG structures are fully biocompatible. Those results demonstrate the great potential of ITO/MG interfaces for broad fundamental and translational physiological studies.

中文翻译：

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用于电生理学和光遗传学的柔性和透明金属氧化物/金属网格混合界面

灵活而透明的微电极和互连件为广泛的新兴生物学应用提供了独特的功能，包括同时对生物系统进行光学和电学询问。对于实际的生物接口，重要的是进一步改善透明导电材料的光学，电，电化学和机械性能。在这里，高性能微电极和互连具有高透光率（59–81％），出色的电化学阻抗（5.4–18.4Ωcm ²）和出色的薄层电阻（5.6–14.1Ωsq ^-1），证明了使用铟锡氧化物（ITO）和金属网格（MG）的混合结构。值得注意的是，杂化结构保留了柔韧性MG的优异机械性能，而不是脆性ITO，即使经过5000次弯曲循环（相对于5 mm的小半径）也没有薄层电阻变化。在共定位程序化光遗传学刺激过程中，转基因小鼠心脏的高保真度电记录突显了ITO / MG微电极和互连的功能。体内组织学分析表明，ITO / MG结构是完全生物相容的。这些结果证明了ITO / MG界面在广泛的基础和转化生理学研究中的巨大潜力。