To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in yield formation among two parents (P₁ and P₂) and their F₁ hybrid of cucumber, biomass production and whole source–sink dynamics were analyzed using a functional–structural plant model (FSPM) that simulates both the number and size of individual organs. Observations of plant development and organ biomass were recorded throughout the growth periods of the plants. The GreenLab Model was used to analyze the differences in fruit setting, organ expansion, biomass production and biomass allocation. The source–sink parameters were estimated from the experimental measurements. Moreover, a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was applied to analyze whether the fruit setting is related to the source–sink ratio. The results showed that the internal source–sink ratio increased in the vegetative stage and reached a peak until the first fruit setting. The high yield of hybrid F₁ is the compound result of both fruit setting and the internal source–sink ratio. The optimization results also revealed that the incremental changes in fruit weight result from the increases in sink strength and proportion of plant biomass allocation for fruits. The model-aided analysis revealed that heterosis is a result of a delicate compromise between fruit setting and fruit sink strength. The organ-level model may provide a computational approach to define the target of breeding by combination with a genetic model.

阐明两个亲本（P ₁和P ₂）及其F ₁之间的产量形成差异的根本机理使用功能-结构植物模型（FSPM）分析黄瓜的杂种，生物量生产和整个源库动态，分析单个器官的数量和大小。在植物的整个生长期间记录了对植物发育和器官生物量的观察。GreenLab模型用于分析坐果，器官扩张，生物量生产和生物量分配的差异。源-汇参数是根据实验测量值估算的。此外，应用了粒子群优化算法（PSO）来分析水果坐果是否与源库比相关。结果表明，在营养阶段，内部源－库比增加，直到第一个坐果期达到峰值。杂交F ₁的高产量是坐果和内部源汇比的综合结果。优化结果还表明，果实重量的增量变化是由库强度的增加和果实中植物生物量分配的比例增加引起的。模型辅助分析表明，杂种优势是果实结实和果实沉陷强度之间微妙折衷的结果。器官水平模型可以提供一种计算方法，以通过与遗传模型相结合来定义育种的目标。