The development of autonomous and stand-alone electronics with a small footprint size has prompted an increasing demand for high-performance energy-storage devices, with rechargeable three-dimensional (3D) batteries being one of these ideal energy devices. As batteries made up of 3D configurations become increasingly important in our daily lives, it is of similar importance to model their behaviors. Besides experimental studies, simulation modeling and analysis is another important approach to optimize the battery design and understand the electrochemical uniqueness of 3D batteries, such as construction principle, current and voltage distribution, and structure stability and evolution. In this work, we discuss the progress of theoretical research in 3D batteries and offer some general insights into their further development. It is hoped that this work will stimulate more exciting investigations, thus contributing to their mass deployment in electronics.

小尺寸自主和独立电子设备的发展促使人们对高性能储能设备的需求不断增长，可充电三维（3D）电池是这些理想的储能设备之一。随着由3D配置组成的电池在我们的日常生活中变得越来越重要，对它们的行为进行建模也同样重要。除了实验研究之外，仿真建模和分析是优化电池设计和了解3D电池的电化学唯一性（例如构造原理，电流和电压分布以及结构稳定性和演变）的另一种重要方法。在这项工作中，我们讨论了3D电池理论研究的进展，并对它们的进一步发展提供了一些一般见解。