The electrochemical behavior of 9-chloroacridine (9Cl-A), a precursor molecule for synthesis of acridine derivatives with cytostatic activity, is a complex, pH-dependent, diffusion-controlled irreversible process. Oxidation of 9Cl-A initiates with the formation of a cation radical monomer, continues via the formation of a dimer subsequent oxidation to new cation radical. Reduction of 9Cl-A produces radical monomers which are stabilized by dimer formation. The investigation was performed using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The interaction between 9Cl-A and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was investigated using a multilayer dsDNA-electrochemical biosensor and 9Cl-A solutions from $1.0\times {10}^{-7}\mathrm{M}$ (the lowest 9Cl-A concentration whose interaction with DNA was possible to detect) up to $1\times {10}^{-4}\mathrm{M}$. These allowed the binding constant, $K=3.45\times {10}^5{\mathrm{M}}^{-1}$ and change in Gibbs free energy of the formed adsorbed complex to be calculated. Complex formation was a spontaneous process proceeding via 9Cl-A intercalation into dsDNA inducing structural changes. The intercalation of 9Cl-A into dsDNA was supported by molecular docking analysis.

The combination of simple methodology and the use of biosensors to investigate DNA interactions is a powerful tool to offer insight into aspects of drug design during pharmaceutical development.

9-氯ac啶（9Cl-A）的电化学行为是合成具有细胞抑制活性的a啶衍生物的前体分子，是一个复杂的，依赖pH值且受扩散控制的不可逆过程。9Cl-A的氧化从形成阳离子自由基单体开始，然后通过形成二聚物继续氧化，随后氧化成新的阳离子自由基。9Cl-A的还原产生自由基单体，其通过二聚体形成而稳定。研究是在玻璃碳电极上使用循环，差分脉冲和方波伏安法进行的。使用多层dsDNA-电化学生物传感器和来自9Cl-A的9Cl-A溶液研究了9Cl-A与双链DNA（dsDNA）之间的相互作用$1.0\times {10}^{--7}\mathrm{中号}$ （可以检测到与DNA相互作用的最低9Cl-A浓度），直至 $\mathrm{1个}\times {10}^{--4}\mathrm{中号}$。这些允许绑定常数，$ķ=3.45\times {10}^5{\mathrm{中号}}^{--\mathrm{1个}}$并计算所形成的吸附复合物的吉布斯自由能的变化。复合物的形成是一个自发过程，过程是通过9Cl-A插入dsDNA诱导结构变化。分子对接分析支持9Cl-A插入dsDNA。

简单方法论与使用生物传感器研究DNA相互作用的结合是一种强大的工具，可用于洞察药物开发过程中药物设计的各个方面。