Abstract

A comparative analysis of tomato roots regenerated in vitro on media supplemented with different NaCl concentrations (0–250 mM) has been carried out. A morphogenetic study performed at the organ level has determined rhizogenesis-inhibiting NaCl concentrations, while the morphometric analysis of regenerated roots in juvenile seedlings has registered such characteristics as their number, length, and fresh/dry weight. A cytological study has revealed some tissue disorders, such as changes in the vacuolization of root cap cells and root cortex cells (RCC) under salinity conditions. At some NaCl concentrations, significant changes in the cells of these tissues have been observed in relation to such parameters as the root cap length (50–100 and 250 mM NaCl), the number of root cap layers (50, 75, 150–250 mМ NaCl), the area of central cylinder cells (CCCs, 75–150 and 250 mM NaCl), the RCC area (100–200 mM NaCl), and the nucleolus to nucleus ratio (25, 50, and 200 mM NaCl). Using cytophotometry, we have shown there to be an increase in the number of interphase cells of the root meristem in the G₂ phase with a simultaneous decrease of this parameter in the G₁ phase. Immunofluorescent labeling has revealed various disorganizations in the alpha-tubulin cytoskeleton of interphase root meristem cells. Using transmission electron microscopy, we have revealed structural changes in plastids of root cap cells, RCC, and CCC, as well as changes in the organization of a nuclear compartment in RCC occurred in the presence of 150 mM NaCl. The studied characteristics can be used for a comparative evaluation of tomato genotypes under salinity at different levels of their organization. The proposed approach can be also used for crops that have no difficulties with induced rhizogenesis in vitro.

中文翻译：

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在NaCl盐度下再生的番茄根（Solanum lycopersicum L.，cv。Rekordsmen）的形态生物学和细胞学特征

摘要

在补充了不同浓度NaCl（0–250 mM）的培养基上进行了番茄再生的根系的比较分析。在器官水平上进行的形态发生研究确定了抑制根际发生的NaCl浓度，而对幼苗中再生根的形态计量学分析则记录了其数量，长度和鲜重/干重等特征。细胞学研究发现一些组织疾病，例如盐度条件下根冠细胞和根皮层细胞（RCC）空泡化的变化。在某些NaCl浓度下，已观察到这些组织细胞的变化与根冠长度（50–100和250 mM NaCl），根冠层数（50、75、150–250）有关氯化钠），中心圆柱细胞的面积（CCC，75–150和250 mM NaCl），RCC面积（100–200 mM NaCl）和核仁与核的比例（25、50和200 mM NaCl）。使用细胞分光光度法，我们发现G中根分生组织的相间细胞数量增加₂相，同时在G ₁相中减小此参数。免疫荧光标记揭示了相间根分生组织细胞的α-微管蛋白细胞骨架中的各种紊乱。使用透射电子显微镜，我们揭示了在存在150 mM NaCl的情况下，根冠细胞，RCC和CCC质体的结构变化以及RCC中核区室的组织变化。研究的特征可用于在盐度下不同组织水平的番茄基因型的比较评估。所提出的方法也可以用于在体外诱导的发根没有困难的农作物。