Abstract

α,α′-bis(substituted benzylidene)cycloalkanones were efficiently prepared from variously substituted aldehydes and cycloalkanones in water by using ash of pomegranate peels (APP) as a catalyst. The APP-catalyst was obtained from bio-waste by simple thermal treatment to dry peels of pomegranate fruit and formation of its active phase was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, XRF, EDX, SEM, DSC-TGA and BET techniques. The analysis revealed that the present catalyst has basic sites which promote the synthesis of desired products. The main attractions of our protocol are utilization of highly abundant bio-waste-derived catalyst and good-to-excellent yield in shortest reaction time. This green protocol was further extended for structurally diverse 2-arylidene-1-tetralones by condensation of equimolar quantity of aromatic aldehydes and 1-tetralone at low temperature. The catalyst could be quantitatively recovered and reused effectively for five times.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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石榴皮灰（APP）：一种生物废物多相催化剂，用于可持续合成α，α'-双（取代苄基）环烷酮和2-芳基-1-丁酮

摘要

以石榴皮（APP）的灰分为催化剂，由水中的各种取代的醛和环烷酮可高效制备α，α'-双（取代的亚苄基）环烷酮。通过简单的热处理将石榴果皮干燥即可从生物废料中获得APP催化剂，并通过FT-IR，XRD，XRF，EDX，SEM，DSC-TGA和BET技术证实了其活性相的形成。分析表明，本发明的催化剂具有促进所需产物合成的碱性位点。我们协议的主要吸引力是利用高度丰富的生物废物衍生催化剂，并在最短的反应时间内获得良好至优异的产率。通过在低温下将等摩尔量的芳族醛和1-四氢萘酮缩合，该绿色方案进一步扩展为结构上多样化的2-亚芳基-1-四氢萘酮。

图形摘要