Furnace tapping is a critical operation on pyrometallurgical furnaces known for unpredictable performance in many cases. A reduced order mathematical model capable of predicting tapping rates of both slag and metal is presented. The model accounts for separate liquid phases and particle bed resistance to flow. The model is compared for consistency against results from both a water-model experiment and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The model is applied to study drainage from a typical ferro-manganese furnace. The model results show that particle bed conditions in the immediate vicinity of the tap-hole strongly influence tapping rates and that the slag/metal interface deformation due to suction pressure near to the tap-hole is significant and must be accounted for in such models.

中文翻译：

---

单出钢孔出钢时炉膛排水的数学建模

熔炉出钢是火法冶金炉的关键操作，在许多情况下性能不可预测。提出了一种能够预测炉渣和金属的出钢率的降阶数学模型。该模型考虑了分离的液相和颗粒床的流动阻力。将模型与水模型实验和计算流体动力学模拟的结果进行比较，以确保其一致性。该模型用于研究典型锰铁炉的排水。模型结果表明，出铁口附近的颗粒床条件强烈影响出钢速度，出铁口附近吸入压力引起的炉渣/金属界面变形很重要，必须在此类模型中加以考虑。