The present paper analyzes the effect of the chemical composition and heat treatments on the microstructure and wear resistance of manganese steels. The studied steels are melted in an electric arc furnace. Alloying elements (Cr + Ni + Nb) are added as ultra-fine powder in a well-heated ladle. Samples are subjected to two heat treatments: one at 1100 °C and the other at 1050 °C, and then quenched in water. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to evaluate the microstructural changes. Hardness and microhardness measurements, mass loss and friction coefficient were also performed to determine the wear behavior of the studied steels. The results indicated that the microstructure of the manganese steel in the as-cast state consists of an austenitic matrix and cementite alloyed with manganese and chromium ((Fe,Mn,Cr)₃C). Increasing chromium content increases the size of the alloyed cementite (Fe,Mn,Cr)₃C. Addition of niobium leads to the apparition of new secondary carbide (NbC). The heat-treated microstructures consist of martensite, retained austenite and a small quantity of precipitates. Increasing in heat treatment temperature and addition of alloying elements (Cr + Ni + Nb) increase the hardenability of the studied steel and favor the martensitic transformation. As a result, addition of niobium and increasing in chromium and nickel contents improve hardness and wear resistance of the studied manganese steel.

本文分析了化学成分和热处理对锰钢组织和耐磨性的影响。被研究的钢在电弧炉中熔化。将合金元素（Cr + Ni + Nb）作为超细粉末添加到加热良好的钢包中。对样品进行两次热处理：一次在1100°C，另一次在1050°C，然后在水中淬火。光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射用于评估微观结构变化。还进行了硬度和显微硬度测量，质量损失和摩擦系数，以确定所研究钢材的磨损行为。结果表明，铸态的锰钢的显微组织由奥氏体基体和渗碳体与锰和铬（（Fe，₃ C）。铬含量的增加会增加合金渗碳体（Fe，Mn，Cr）₃ C的尺寸。铌的添加会导致出现新的次生碳化物（NbC）。热处理后的显微组织由马氏体，残余奥氏体和少量析出物组成。热处理温度的提高和合金元素（Cr + Ni + Nb）的添加提高了研究钢的淬透性，并有利于马氏体相变。结果，铌的添加和铬和镍含量的增加改善了所研究的锰钢的硬度和耐磨性。