Stretching in the plasma membranes of cells and lipid membranes of vesicles plays important roles in various physiological and physicochemical phenomena. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a minimally invasive non-thermal tumor ablation technique where a series of short electrical energy pulses with high frequency is applied to destabilize the cell membranes. IRE also induces lateral tension due to stretching in the membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Here, the kinetics of irreversible pore formation under constant electrical tension in GUVs has been investigated. The GUVs are prepared by a mixture of dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine using the natural swelling method. An IRE signal of frequency 1.1 kHz is applied to the GUVs through a gold-coated electrode system. Stochastic pore formation is observed for several ‘single GUVs’ at a particular constant tension. The time course of the fraction of intact GUVs among all the examined GUVs is fitted with a single-exponential decay function from which the rate constant of pore formation in the vesicle, k_p, is calculated. The value of k_p increases with an increase of membrane tension. An increase in the proportion of negatively charged lipids in a membrane gives a higher k_p. Theoretical equations are fitted to the tension-dependent k_p and to the probability of pore formation, which allows us to obtain the line tension of the membranes. The decrease in the energy barrier for formation of the nano-size nascent or prepore state, due to the increase in electrical tension, is the main factor explaining the increase of k_p.

在细胞的质膜和囊泡的脂质膜中伸展在各种生理和物理化学现象中起重要作用。不可逆电穿孔（IRE）是一种微创的非热肿瘤消融技术，其中应用了一系列高频短电脉冲来破坏细胞膜的稳定性。IRE还由于在巨大的单层囊泡（GUV）的膜中拉伸而引起侧向张力。在这里，已经研究了在GUV中恒定电张力下不可逆孔形成的动力学。GUV通过使用自然溶胀法由油酰磷脂酰甘油和油酰磷脂酰胆碱的混合物制备。频率为1.1 kHz的IRE信号通过镀金电极系统施加到GUV。在特定的恒定张力下，观察到几种“单个GUV”的随机孔形成。在所有检查的GUV中，完整GUV的分数随时间变化的过程都拟合有单指数衰减函数，根据该函数，囊泡中孔形成的速率常数计算k _p。k _p的值随着膜张力的增加而增加。膜中带负电荷的脂质比例增加，则k _p更高。理论方程式适合于与张力有关的k _p和孔形成的可能性，这使我们能够获得膜的线张力。由于电张力的增加，用于形成纳米级新生态或前孔态的能垒的降低是解释k _p增大的主要因素。