Groundwater is one of the most important sources of water for drinking and cooking in rural India. A total of 382 groundwater samples were collected from 58 villages and analyzed for HMs and Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The average concentrations of HMs and Sr in water was in the order of strontium (Sr) > arsenic (As) > chromium (Cr) > lead (Pb) > mercury (Hg) > cadmium (Cd). Out of 58 villages, 21, 37, 35, 35, 35 and 39 villages had Cr, As, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sr higher (WHO limit) than their respectively permissible levels. Health risk assessment of HMs and Sr for humans revealed that the non-carcinogenicity hazard quotients (HQ_i+d) for HMs and Sr were higher than unity for adult and children. The hazard index (HI) was 531.066 for adult and 902.926 for children. The HI > 1 was observed in 45 villages for adults and 56 villages for children. The lifetime cancer risk in adult for As_i, As_d, and Pb_i in 36, 25 and 23 villages, whereas in children was 42, 20 and 22 villages, respectively. In conclusion, the health risks arising from consumption of groundwater containing HMs and Sr indicated that there is a significant carcinogenic risks for adult and children. This is the first attempt to provide information on the health risks of Sr in drinking water in India. The present findings can be useful for the development of potential strategies for risk control and management.

地下水是印度农村地区最重要的饮用水和烹饪水源之一。从58个村庄收集了总共382个地下水样品，并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析了HMs和Sr。水中HMs和Sr的平均浓度依次为锶（Sr）>砷（As）>铬（Cr）>铅（Pb）>汞（Hg）>镉（Cd）。在58个村庄中，有21、37、35、35、35和39个村庄的Cr，As，Cd，Hg，Pb和Sr（WHO限量）高于各自允许的水平。对人类HM和Sr的健康风险评估显示，非致癌性危险商（HQ _{i + d}）对于成人和儿童，HM和Sr高于团结。成人的危险指数（HI）为531.066，儿童为902.926。在45个成人村庄和56个儿童村庄中，HI> 1。在36、25和23个村庄中，成年人终生罹患As _i，As _d和Pb _i的癌症风险，而在儿童中，分别为42、20和22个村庄。总之，食用含HMs和Sr的地下水引起的健康风险表明，成人和儿童存在重大致癌风险。这是首次尝试提供有关印度饮用水中Sr健康风险的信息。目前的发现可能有助于制定风险控制和管理的潜在策略。