Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as new extraction solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural plants. In this work, a total of thirteen choline chloride-based DESs were synthesized and evaluated for the simultaneous extraction of five bioactive flavone di-C-glycosides from Premna fulva Craib. DES-F, which was composed of choline chloride and 1,3-propanediol, showed the best extraction efficiency for the flavone di-C-glycosides, exceeding that of the conventional industrial solvent (40% ethanol). Subsequently, the extraction parameters for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (liquid-solid ratio, water content (%) in the selected DES, and extraction time) were optimized using response surface methodology. Furthermore, the microstructural alterations in the samples after extraction were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we further verified the recovery of flavone di-C-glycosides from the DESs using macroporous resins and evaluated the reusability of the DESs as solvents. The results indicated that DES-F was an efficient and sustainable solvent for the extraction of bioactive flavone di-C-glycosides from Premna fulva Craib. Therefore, this novel strategy may represent a sustainable approach for the extraction of bioactive products and could make phytochemistry more attractive and environmentally friendly.

中文翻译：

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深共熔溶剂提取黄花菜中黄酮二-C-糖苷的优化研究

深共熔溶剂 (DES) 正在成为从天然植物中提取生物活性化合物的新型提取溶剂。在这项工作中，共合成了 13 种基于氯化胆碱的 DES，并评估了从 Premna fulva Craib 中同时提取五种生物活性黄酮二-C-糖苷的效果。DES-F 由氯化胆碱和 1,3-丙二醇组成，对黄酮二-C-糖苷的提取效率最好，超过了传统工业溶剂（40% 乙醇）。随后，使用响应面法优化超声辅助提取的提取参数（液固比、所选 DES 中的含水量 (%) 和提取时间）。此外，使用扫描电子显微镜评估提取后样品的微观结构变化。此外，我们进一步验证了使用大孔树脂从 DES 中回收黄酮二 C-糖苷，并评估了 DES 作为溶剂的可重复使用性。结果表明，DES-F 是一种有效且可持续的溶剂，可用于从 Premna fulva Craib 中提取生物活性黄酮二-C-糖苷。因此，这种新策略可能代表了一种提取生物活性产品的可持续方法，并使植物化学更具吸引力和环境友好性。结果表明，DES-F 是一种有效且可持续的溶剂，可用于从 Premna fulva Craib 中提取生物活性黄酮二-C-糖苷。因此，这种新策略可能代表了一种提取生物活性产品的可持续方法，并使植物化学更具吸引力和环境友好性。结果表明，DES-F 是一种有效且可持续的溶剂，可用于从 Premna fulva Craib 中提取生物活性黄酮二-C-糖苷。因此，这种新策略可能代表了一种提取生物活性产品的可持续方法，并使植物化学更具吸引力和环境友好性。