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Switchgrass metabolomics reveals striking genotypic and developmental differences in specialized metabolic phenotypes
bioRxiv - Plant Biology Pub Date : 2022-02-17 , DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.01.127720
Xingxing Li , A. Daniel Jones , Robert L. Last

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a bioenergy crop that grows productively on lands not suitable for food production, and is an excellent target for low-pesticide input biomass production. We hypothesize that resistance to insect pests and microbial pathogens is influenced by low molecular weight compounds known as specialized metabolites. We employed untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), quantitative gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify differences in switchgrass ecotype metabolomes. This analysis revealed striking differences between upland and lowland switchgrass metabolomes as well as distinct developmental profiles. Terpenoid and polyphenol derived specialized metabolites were identified, including steroidal saponins, di- and sesqui-terpenoids and flavonoids. The saponins are especially abundant in switchgrass extracts and have diverse aglycone cores and sugar moieties. We report seven structurally distinct steroidal saponin classes with unique steroidal cores and glycosylated at one or two positions. Quantitative GC-MS revealed differences in total saponin concentrations in leaf blade, leaf sheath, stem, rhizome and root. The quantitative data also demonstrated that saponin concentrations is higher in roots of lowland than upland ecotype plants, suggesting ecotypic specific biosynthesis and/or biological functions. These results enable future testing of these specialized metabolites on biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and can inform development of low-input bioenergy crops.

中文翻译:

柳枝稷代谢组学揭示了特殊代谢表型的显着基因型和发育差异

柳枝稷 ( Panicum virgatumL.) 是一种在不适合粮食生产的土地上高效生长的生物能源作物,是低农药投入生物质生产的绝佳目标。我们假设对害虫和微生物病原体的抗性受到称为特殊代谢物的低分子量化合物的影响。我们采用非靶向液相色谱-质谱 (LC-MS)、定量气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 和核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱来识别柳枝稷生态型代谢组的差异。该分析揭示了高地和低地柳枝稷代谢组之间的显着差异以及不同的发育特征。鉴定了萜类和多酚衍生的特殊代谢物,包括甾体皂苷、二萜和倍半萜类化合物和类黄酮。皂苷在柳枝稷提取物中含量特别丰富,并具有多种苷元核心和糖部分。我们报告了七种结构不同的甾体皂苷类,它们具有独特的甾体核心并在一两个位置被糖基化。定量 GC-MS 揭示了叶片、叶鞘、茎、根茎和根中总皂苷浓度的差异。定量数据还表明,低地生态型植物的根中皂苷浓度高于高地生态型植物,表明生态型特异性生物合成和/或生物学功能。这些结果使未来能够测试这些专门的代谢物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性,并可以为低投入生物能源作物的发展提供信息。我们报告了七种结构不同的甾体皂苷类,它们具有独特的甾体核心并在一两个位置被糖基化。定量 GC-MS 揭示了叶片、叶鞘、茎、根茎和根中总皂苷浓度的差异。定量数据还表明,低地生态型植物的根中皂苷浓度高于高地生态型植物,表明生态型特异性生物合成和/或生物学功能。这些结果使未来能够测试这些专门的代谢物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性,并可以为低投入生物能源作物的发展提供信息。我们报告了七种结构不同的甾体皂苷类,它们具有独特的甾体核心并在一两个位置被糖基化。定量 GC-MS 揭示了叶片、叶鞘、茎、根茎和根中总皂苷浓度的差异。定量数据还表明,低地生态型植物的根中皂苷浓度高于高地生态型植物,表明生态型特异性生物合成和/或生物学功能。这些结果使未来能够测试这些专门的代谢物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性,并可以为低投入生物能源作物的发展提供信息。定量数据还表明,低地生态型植物的根中皂苷浓度高于高地生态型植物,表明生态型特异性生物合成和/或生物学功能。这些结果使未来能够测试这些专门的代谢物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性,并可以为低投入生物能源作物的发展提供信息。定量数据还表明,低地生态型植物的根中皂苷浓度高于高地生态型植物,表明生态型特异性生物合成和/或生物学功能。这些结果使未来能够测试这些专门的代谢物对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性,并可以为低投入生物能源作物的发展提供信息。
更新日期:2022-02-17
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