This study examines the acoustic realizations of American English intervocalic flaps in the TIMIT corpus, using the landmark-critical feature-cue-based framework. Three different acoustic patterns of flaps are described: (i) both closure and release landmarks present, (ii) only the closure landmark present, and (iii) both landmarks deleted. The patterns occur consistently across several phonological and morphological conditions but vary with sociolinguistic factors, including speaker dialect and gender. This method of analysing speech at the level of acoustic landmarks and other individual cues to distinctive features contributes to a deeper understanding of how speakers and listeners employ systematic variation in phonetic detail in speech processing.

中文翻译：

---

基于地标提示的方法，用于分析美式英语语音瓣的声学实现。

这项研究使用基于地标性关键特征提示的框架，研究了TIMIT语料库中美国英语声带瓣的声学实现。描述了襟翼的三种不同声学模式：（i）同时存在闭合和释放标志，（ii）仅存在闭合标志，和（iii）删除两个标志。这些模式在几种语音和形态学条件下一致地发生，但是随社会语言因素而变化，包括说话者方言和性别。这种在声学界标和其他单个线索的层次上分析语音以区分特征的方法有助于更深入地了解说话者和听众在语音处理中如何利用系统的语音细节变化。