Iron oxide scaffolds with gradient porosity were fabricated using the freeze-casting technique. Doped iron oxide particles were employed to generate stable particle suspensions in camphene using the ball-milling technique. Viscosity measurements were performed to determine the effect of the milling time and the additive incorporation. The freeze-casting process implemented in this work created a wide diversity of solidification front velocities, (2–80 µm s−1), and thermal gradients, (0.2–20°C cm−1) during sample fabrication. The solidification problem of liquid/solid systems has often been reviewed, but usually only under steady-state conditions. This study presents a much simpler approach for the correlation of the average dendrite arm spacing and pore morphology with different processing parameters. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

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冷冻铸造制备的具有梯度孔隙率的掺杂氧化铁支架：孔隙形态预测和加工参数

使用冷冻铸造技术制造了具有梯度孔隙率的氧化铁支架。使用球磨技术，掺杂的氧化铁颗粒用于在莰烯中产生稳定的颗粒悬浮液。进行粘度测量以确定研磨时间和添加剂掺入的影响。在这项工作中实施的冷冻铸造工艺在样品制造过程中产生了广泛多样的凝固前沿速度 (2–80 µm s−1) 和热梯度 (0.2–20°C cm−1)。液体/固体系统的凝固问题经常被审查，但通常只在稳态条件下。本研究为平均枝晶臂间距和孔隙形态与不同加工参数的相关性提供了一种更简单的方法。图形概要