ABSTRACT The integrated results of micromorphology, plant macrofossil, pollen, phytolith, and non-pollen palynomorph analyses represent an important study of two thirteenth-century Teutonic Order castles at Karksi (Livonia), and Elbląg (Prussia). The research examines deposits that formed during the period of active crusading. At Karksi, the investigation of a midden and of the organic-rich sediment beneath allows the diachronic use of this area to be understood. Freshwater aquatic indicators are consistent with the occurrence of shallow stagnant water, as also suggested by a waterlaid pond sediment identified in thin-section. Coprophilous spore taxa suggest the use of the pond as a watering hole. Plant macrofossils from the midden represent a range of habitats, mostly from wet/damp areas, as well as pastures and meadows, and also woodlands. Fragments of millet are embedded within herbivore dung in thin-section showing the use of this grain as fodder. At Elbląg, parasite ova may derive from animal feces as they also occur in the dung observed in thin-section, and a range of coprophilous fungal spore taxa were extracted. The results reveal information about the range of livestock that the Teutonic Knights kept, whereabouts within the castles the animals were stabled, and what fodder was used.

中文翻译：

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喂养十字军东征：波罗的海边境的古植物学、畜牧业和畜牧业

摘要 微形态学、植物大化石、花粉、植硅体和非花粉孢粉分析的综合结果代表了对卡尔克西（利沃尼亚）和埃尔布隆格（普鲁士）两座 13 世纪条顿骑士团城堡的重要研究。该研究调查了活跃十字军时期形成的沉积物。在 Karksi，对中间层和下方富含有机物的沉积物的调查可以了解该地区的历时用途。淡水水生指标与浅层积水的发生一致，薄截面中发现的积水池塘沉积物也表明了这一点。嗜粪孢子类群建议将池塘用作水坑。来自中部的植物大型化石代表了一系列栖息地，主要来自潮湿/潮湿地区，以及牧场和草地，以及林地。小米的碎片以薄片形式嵌入食草动物的粪便中，展示了这种谷物作为饲料的用途。在 Elbląg，寄生虫卵可能来自动物粪便，因为它们也存在于薄切片中观察到的粪便中，并且提取了一系列嗜粪真菌孢子类群。结果揭示了有关条顿骑士团饲养的牲畜范围、牲畜在城堡内的下落以及使用的饲料的信息。