ABSTRACT Environmental archaeological enquiry has a long and vibrant history. Many of the same questions have persisted in archaeological dialogues over the past century. In particular, the effects of environmental change on demographic patterns, health, and societal stability are among the most pervasive questions being addressed by anthropological research. These studies have limitations, however. For example, evaluations of the complex relationships between environmental variables and human responses are only just beginning to emerge in anthropological literature. This goal requires high-resolution paleoclimate datasets and the use of quantitative modelling rooted in evolutionary and complex systems theory. This paper serves as a broad review of advances in environmental archaeological enquiry associated with environmental change and human response. I argue that the future of archaeological questions concerning human-environmental connection requires a re-evaluation of causality and the incorporation of complex systems approaches to address human responses to external pressures.

中文翻译：

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研究人类对环境变化的反应：考古研究的趋势和轨迹

摘要 环境考古调查有着悠久而充满活力的历史。许多相同的问题在过去一个世纪的考古对话中一直存在。特别是，环境变化对人口模式、健康和社会稳定的影响是人类学研究正在解决的最普遍的问题之一。然而，这些研究有局限性。例如，对环境变量和人类反应之间复杂关系的评估才刚刚开始出现在人类学文献中。这个目标需要高分辨率的古气候数据集以及基于进化和复杂系统理论的定量模型的使用。本文是对与环境变化和人类反应相关的环境考古研究进展的广泛回顾。我认为，有关人类与环境联系的考古问题的未来需要重新评估因果关系，并结合复杂的系统方法来解决人类对外部压力的反应。