ABSTRACT Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.

中文翻译：

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单底和双底吹扫工业炼钢钢包中渣眼的形成

摘要 在炼钢操作过程中，氩气通常从钢包底部注入。注入的气体与液体（金属和炉渣）熔池相互作用并增强熔体中的动量、热量和传质速率。然而，在这些气-液相互作用过程中，会形成一个称为渣眼的渣层开口，将熔融金属表面暴露在大气中，这通常是不可取的。在目前的工作中，瞬态三维数学模型用于研究单底吹和双底吹工业炼钢钢包中的湍流气液相互作用。耦合水平集流体体积 (CLSVOF) 模型用于跟踪钢-氩、钢-渣和氩-渣界面，从中可以预测渣眼区域。发现入口气体吹扫速率、熔体高度、炉渣层厚度、进气口的角度和径向位置影响炉渣开口面积。使用非线性回归分析，提出了无量纲经验相关性来预测单和双清洗钢包中的渣开口面积。