ABSTRACT

The placenta works as a selective barrier, protecting the fetus from potential infections that may affect the maternal organism during pregnancy. In this review, we will discuss several challenging infections that are common within Latin American countries and that may affect the maternal-fetal interface and pose risks to fetal development. Specifically, we will focus on emerging infectious diseases including the arboviruses, malaria, leishmaniasis, and the bacterial foodborne disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. We will also highlight some topics of interest currently being studied by research groups that comprise an international effort aimed at filling the knowledge gaps in this field. These topics address the relationship between exposure to microorganisms and placental abnormalities, congenital anomalies, and complications of pregnancy.

Abbreviations

ADE: antibody-dependent enhancement; CCL2: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CCL3: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α; CCL5: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; CHIKV: chikungunya virus; DCL: diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis; DENV: dengue virus; Gb3: glycolipid globotriaosylceramyde; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; HUS: hemolytic uremic syndrome; IFN: interferon; Ig: immunoglobulins; IL: interleukin; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction; LCL: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis; LPS: lipopolysaccharid; MCL: mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; NO: nitric oxide; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGF: placental growth factor; PM: placental malaria; RIVATREM: Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares em transtornos del Embarazo; sVEGFR: soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; STEC: shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; stx: shiga toxin protein; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TOAS: T cell original antigenic sin; Var2CSA: variant surface antigen 2-CSA; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VL: visceral leishmaniasis; WHO: world health organization; YFV: yellow fever virus; ZIKV: Zika virus

中文翻译：

---

由于被忽视的感染而导致的胎盘损害的知识有限：拉丁美洲的持续问题。

摘要

胎盘作为选择性屏障，可保护胎儿免受可能在怀孕期间影响母体的潜在感染。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论在拉丁美洲国家常见的几种具有挑战性的感染，这些感染可能会影响母婴界面并给胎儿发育带来风险。具体来说，我们将重点关注新兴的传染病，包括虫媒病毒，疟疾，利什曼病和由滋贺菌产生毒素的大肠杆菌引起的细菌性食源性疾病。我们还将重点介绍研究小组目前正在研究的一些感兴趣的主题，这些研究包括旨在填补该领域知识空白的国际努力。这些主题解决了暴露于微生物与胎盘异常，先天异常和妊娠并发症之间的关系。

缩略语

ADE：抗体依赖性增强；CCL2：单核细胞趋化蛋白-1；CCL3：巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α；CCL5：趋化因子（CC基序）配体5；CHIKV：基孔肯雅病毒；DCL：弥漫性皮肤利什曼病；DENV：登革热病毒；Gb3：糖脂球果糖基乙酰胺；HIF：缺氧诱导因子；HUS：溶血性尿毒症综合征；干扰素：干扰素；Ig：免疫球蛋白；IL：白介素；IUGR：宫内生长受限；LCL：局部皮肤利什曼病；LPS：脂多糖；MCL：皮肤皮肤利什曼病；NO：一氧化氮；PCR：聚合酶链反应；PGF：胎盘生长因子；PM：胎盘疟疾；RIVATREM：墨西哥伊比利亚美洲红变种Vasculares em transtornos del Embarazo；sVEGFR：可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体；STEC：产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌; stx：志贺毒素蛋白；TNF：肿瘤坏死因子；TOAS：T细胞原始抗原性罪；Var2CSA：变异表面抗原2-CSA；VEGF：血管内皮生长因子；VL：内脏利什曼病；世卫组织：世界卫生组织；YFV：黄热病病毒；ZIKV：寨卡病毒