Neuroinflammation, meaning the establishment of a diffuse inflammatory condition in the CNS, is one of the main hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recently, a crucial role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in this disease has been outlined. Tregs are a T cell subpopulation with immunomodulatory properties. In this review, we discuss the physiology of Tregs and their role in ALS disease onset and progression. Evidence has demonstrated that in ALS patients Tregs are dramatically and progressively reduced in number and are less effective in promoting immune suppression. In addition, Tregs levels correlate with the rate of disease progression and patient survival. For this reason, Tregs are now considered a promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection in ALS. In this review, the clinical impact of these cells will be discussed and an overview of the current clinical trials targeting Tregs is also provided.

神经炎症，意味着在 CNS 中建立弥漫性炎症，是肌萎缩侧索硬化 (ALS) 的主要标志之一。最近，已经概述了调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs) 在这种疾病中的关键作用。Treg 是具有免疫调节特性的 T 细胞亚群。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 Tregs 的生理学及其在 ALS 疾病发作和进展中的作用。有证据表明，在 ALS 患者中，Treg 的数量显着且逐渐减少，并且在促进免疫抑制方面效果较差。此外，Tregs 水平与疾病进展速度和患者存活率相关。因此，Tregs 现在被认为是 ALS 神经保护的有希望的治疗靶点。在这次审查中，