Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that yields to neuronal axon damage, demyelization, and paralysis. Although several drugs were designed for the treatment of MS, with some of them being approved in the last few decades, the complete remission and the treatment of progressive forms still remain a matter of debate and a medical challenge. Nanotechnology provides a variety of promising therapeutic tools that can be applied for the treatment of MS, overcoming the barriers and the limitations of the already existing immunosuppressive and biological therapies. In the present review, we explore literature case studies on the development of drug delivery nanosystems for the targeted delivery of MS drugs in the pathological tissues of the CNS, providing high bioavailability and enhanced therapeutic efficiency, as well as nanosystems for the delivery of agents to facilitate efficient remyelination. Moreover, we present examples of tolerance-inducing nanocarriers, being used as promising vaccines for antigen-specific immunotherapy of MS. We emphasize on liposomes, as well as lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles. Finally, we highlight the future perspectives given by the nanotechnology field toward the improvement of the current treatment of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

中文翻译：

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有前途的纳米技术方法治疗中枢神经系统自身免疫性疾病。

多发性硬化症（MS）是中枢神经系统（CNS）的一种慢性，自身免疫性神经退行性疾病，可导致神经元轴突损伤，脱髓鞘和麻痹。尽管为治疗MS设计了几种药物，但其中的一些药物在过去的几十年中得到了批准，但完全缓解和进行性治疗仍是一个有争议的问题，也是一个医学挑战。纳米技术提供了多种有前途的治疗工具，可用于治疗MS，克服了现有免疫抑制和生物疗法的障碍和局限性。在本综述中，我们探讨了有关在中枢神经系统病理组织中靶向递送MS药物的药物递送纳米系统的发展的文献案例研究，提供高生物利用度和增强的治疗效率，以及纳米系统，用于药物输送以促进有效的髓鞘再生。此外，我们提供了诱导耐受性的纳米载体的实例，这些载体被用作有希望的MS抗原特异性免疫疗法疫苗。我们强调脂质体，以及基于脂质和聚合物的纳米颗粒。最后，我们重点介绍了纳米技术领域对改善MS及其动物模型（实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎）的当前治疗方法的未来展望。我们强调脂质体，以及基于脂质和聚合物的纳米颗粒。最后，我们重点介绍了纳米技术领域对改善MS及其动物模型（实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎）的当前治疗方法的未来看法。我们强调脂质体以及基于脂质和聚合物的纳米颗粒。最后，我们重点介绍了纳米技术领域对改善MS及其动物模型（实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎）的当前治疗方法的未来展望。